Quantitative Analysis of the Morphology of {101} and {001} Faceted Anatase TiO 2 Nanocrystals and Its Implication on Photocatalytic Activity

Liu, Jue; Olds, Daniel; Peng, Rui; Yu, Lei; Foo, Guo Shiou; Qian, Shuo; Keum, Jong; Guiton, Beth S.; Wu, Zili; Page, Katharine

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01172

Quantitative Analysis of the Morphology of {101} and {001} Faceted Anatase TiO ₂ Nanocrystals and Its Implication on Photocatalytic Activity

Journal Article · Thu Jun 29 04:00:00 EDT 2017 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01172· OSTI ID:1372239

^[1]; Olds, Daniel ^[1]; Peng, Rui ^[2]; Yu, Lei ^[3]; Foo, Guo Shiou ^[2]; ^[4]; Keum, Jong ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[1]

Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States

The atomistic structure and morphology (shape and size) of nanomaterials have strong influences on their physical and chemical properties. However, many characterization techniques focus exclusively on one length-scale regime or another when developing quantitative morphology/structural models. In this article, we demonstrate that powder X-ray diffraction and neutron pair distribution function (PDF) can be used to obtain accurate average morphology and atomistic structure of {001} and {101} faceted anatase TiO₂ nanocrystals based on differential evolution refinements using Debye scattering equation calculations. It is also demonstrated that the morphology polydispersity of TiO₂ nanocrystals can be effectively obtained from the diffraction data via a numerical refinement routine. The morphology refinement results are in good agreement with those from transmission electron microscopy and the modeling of small angle neutron scattering data. This method is successfully used to quantify the facet-specified photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of anatase TiO₂ nanocrystals with different {001} to {101} ratios. It is found that the sample with an intermediate amount of both {001} and {101} facets shows the best photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. It is expected that the simultaneous structure and morphology refinement technique can be generally used to study the relationship between morphology and functionality of nanomaterials.

Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

OSTI ID:: 1372239

Journal Information:: Chemistry of Materials, Journal Name: Chemistry of Materials Journal Issue: 13 Vol. 29; ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

References (83)

Anatase TiO ₂ with Dominant High-Energy {001} Facets: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Liu, Shengwei; Yu, Jiaguo; Jaroniec, Mietek Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm200597m	journal	September 2011
Magnetite–Maghemite Nanoparticles in the 5–15 nm Range: Correlating the Core–Shell Composition and the Surface Structure to the Magnetic Properties. A Total Scattering Study. Frison, Ruggero; Cernuto, Giuseppe; Cervellino, Antonio Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm403360f	journal	November 2013
Efficient algorithms for calculating small-angle scattering from large model structures Olds, Daniel P.; Duxbury, Phillip M. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 47, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576714005925	journal	May 2014
Influence of neglected small-angle scattering in radial distribution function analysis Cargill, G. S. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006976	journal	August 1971
Bestimmung der inneren Struktur und der Größe von Kolloidteilchen mittels Röntgenstrahlen Scherrer, P. Kolloidchemie Ein Lehrbuch https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-33915-2_7	book	January 1912
Eine quantitative Prüfung der Theorie für die Interferenzerscheinungen bei Röntgenstrahlen Laue, M. Annalen der Physik, Vol. 346, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19133461005	journal	January 1913
X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram Williamson, G. K.; Hall, W. H. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(53)90006-6	journal	January 1953
Amorphous Molybdenum Phosphide Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution McEnaney, Joshua M.; Crompton, J. Chance; Callejas, Juan F. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm502035s	journal	August 2014
Graphene-Wrapped Fe₃O₄ Anode Material with Improved Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Stability for Lithium Ion Batteries Zhou, Guangmin; Wang, Da-Wei; Li, Feng Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 18, p. 5306-5313 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm101532x	journal	September 2010
Hydrothermal Stability of {001} Faceted Anatase TiO ₂ Yang, Xiao Hua; Li, Zhen; Sun, Chenghua Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm2008768	journal	August 2011
Shaped Pd–Ni–Pt Core-Sandwich-Shell Nanoparticles: Influence of Ni Sandwich Layers on Catalytic Electrooxidations Sneed, Brian T.; Young, Allison P.; Jalalpoor, Daniel ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn502259g	journal	June 2014
Structure and energetics of stoichiometric TiO 2 anatase surfaces Lazzeri, Michele; Vittadini, Andrea; Selloni, Annabella Physical Review B, Vol. 63, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.63.155409	journal	March 2001
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis Schneider, Caroline A.; Rasband, Wayne S.; Eliceiri, Kevin W. Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089	journal	June 2012
The Bio-SANS instrument at the High Flux Isotope Reactor of Oak Ridge National Laboratory Heller, William T.; Urban, Volker S.; Lynn, Gary W. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576714011285	journal	June 2014
Rietveld refinement with spallation neutron powder diffraction data Von Dreele, R. B.; Jorgensen, J. D.; Windsor, C. G. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 15, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012722	journal	December 1982
DShaper : an approach for handling missing low- Q data in pair distribution function analysis of nanostructured systems Olds, Daniel; Wang, Hsiu-Wen; Page, Katharine Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 48, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576715016581	journal	October 2015
Modulating the photocatalytic redox preferences between anatase TiO ₂ {001} and {101} surfaces Zhou, Peng; Zhang, Hongna; Ji, Hongwei Chemical Communications, Vol. 53, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC08785J	journal	January 2017
DISCUS : a program for diffuse scattering and defect-structure simulation Proffen, Th.; Neder, R. B. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S002188989600934X	journal	April 1997
Ligand-Mediated Synthesis of Shape-Controlled Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals via Reprecipitation Process at Room Temperature Sun, Shibin; Yuan, Dan; Xu, Yuan ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b08193	journal	February 2016
Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for global Optimization over Continuous Spaces Storn, Rainer; Price, Kenneth Journal of Global Optimization, Vol. 11, Issue 4, p. 341-359 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008202821328	journal	January 1997
Rietveld refinement of Debye–Scherrer synchrotron X-ray data from Al ₂ O ₃ Thompson, P.; Cox, D. E.; Hastings, J. B. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 20, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889887087090	journal	April 1987
Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse Citrate-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles of up to 200 nm: Kinetic Control and Catalytic Properties Bastús, Neus G.; Merkoçi, Florind; Piella, Jordi Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm500316k	journal	April 2014
Anatase TiO2 single crystals with a large percentage of reactive facets Yang, Hua Gui; Sun, Cheng Hua; Qiao, Shi Zhang Nature, Vol. 453, Issue 7195 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06964	journal	May 2008
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode Fujishima, Akira; Honda, Kenichi Nature, Vol. 238, Issue 5358, p. 37-38 https://doi.org/10.1038/238037a0	journal	July 1972
Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Bruce, Peter G.; Scrosati, Bruno; Tarascon, Jean-Marie Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 47, Issue 16, p. 2930-2946 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200702505	journal	April 2008
Particle size distributions from small-angle scattering using global scattering functions Beaucage, G.; Kammler, H. K.; Pratsinis, S. E. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889804008969	journal	July 2004
Crystal symmetry breaking and vacancies in colloidal lead chalcogenide quantum dots Bertolotti, Federica; Dirin, Dmitry N.; Ibáñez, Maria Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4661	journal	June 2016
Whole powder pattern modelling Scardi, P.; Leoni, M. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108767301021298	journal	February 2002
Ferroelectric order in individual nanometre-scale crystals Polking, Mark J.; Han, Myung-Geun; Yourdkhani, Amin Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3371	journal	July 2012
Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications Chen, Xiaobo; Mao, Samuel S. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535	journal	July 2007
Relationship between the atomic pair distribution function and small-angle scattering: implications for modeling of nanoparticles Farrow, Christopher L.; Billinge, Simon J. L. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, Vol. 65, Issue 3, p. 232-239 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108767309009714	journal	April 2009
Local Atomic Ordering in BaTaO ₂ N Studied by Neutron Pair Distribution Function Analysis and Density Functional Theory Page, Katharine; Stoltzfus, Matthew W.; Kim, Young-Il Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0709673	journal	August 2007
On the True Photoreactivity Order of {001}, {010}, and {101} Facets of Anatase TiO2 Crystals Pan, Jian; Liu, Gang; Lu, Gao Qing Max Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 50, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201006057	journal	January 2011
Effect of Fluorination on the Surface Properties of Titania P25 Powder: An FTIR Study Minella, Marco; Faga, Maria Giulia; Maurino, Valter Langmuir, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/la902807g	journal	October 2009
The real origin of lognormal size distributions of nanoparticles in vapor growth processes Kiss, L. B.; Söderlund, J.; Niklasson, G. A. Nanostructured Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-9773(99)00128-2	journal	January 1999
Nanoscale Ni/Mn Ordering in the High Voltage Spinel Cathode LiNi _0.5 Mn _1.5 O ₄ Liu, Jue; Huq, Ashfia; Moorhead-Rosenberg, Zachary Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02946	journal	September 2016
The Nanoscale Ordered MAterials Diffractometer NOMAD at the Spallation Neutron Source SNS Neuefeind, Jörg; Feygenson, Mikhail; Carruth, John Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 287 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.05.037	journal	September 2012
The Shape of TiO ₂ -B Nanoparticles Andreev, Yuri G.; Panchmatia, Pooja M.; Liu, Zheng Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja412387c	journal	April 2014
Crossing the boundary between face-centred cubic and hexagonal close packed: the structure of nanosized cobalt is unraveled by a model accounting for shape, size distribution and stacking faults, allowing simulation of XRD, XANES and EXAFS Longo, Alessandro; Sciortino, Luisa; Giannici, Francesco Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 47, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576714015970	journal	September 2014
Irena : tool suite for modeling and analysis of small-angle scattering Ilavsky, Jan; Jemian, Peter R. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 42, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889809002222	journal	February 2009
Constructing Hierarchical Spheres from Large Ultrathin Anatase TiO ₂ Nanosheets with Nearly 100% Exposed (001) Facets for Fast Reversible Lithium Storage Chen, Jun Song; Tan, Yi Ling; Li, Chang Ming Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100102y	journal	May 2010
Titanium Dioxide Crystals with Tailored Facets Liu, Gang; Yang, Hua Gui; Pan, Jian Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400621z	journal	May 2014
Engineering Coexposed {001} and {101} Facets in Oxygen-Deficient TiO ₂ Nanocrystals for Enhanced CO ₂ Photoreduction under Visible Light Liu, Lianjun; Jiang, Yuqiu; Zhao, Huilei ACS Catalysis, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b02098	journal	January 2016
Unraveling Atomic Positions in an Oxide Spinel with Two Jahn−Teller Ions: Local Structure Investigation of CuMn ₂ O ₄ Shoemaker, Daniel P.; Li, Jun; Seshadri, Ram Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja902096h	journal	August 2009
Structural instability of ultrafine particles of metals Iijima, Sumio; Ichihashi, Toshinari Physical Review Letters, Vol. 56, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.616	journal	February 1986
Shape Control of Semiconductor and Metal Oxide Nanocrystals through Nonhydrolytic Colloidal Routes Jun, Young-wook; Choi, Jin-sil; Cheon, Jinwoo Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 45, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503821	journal	May 2006
A selectively exposed crystal facet-engineered TiO ₂ thin film photoanode for the higher performance of the photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction Kim, Chang Woo; Yeob, So Jin; Cheng, Hui-Ming Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE02300A	journal	January 2015
Seed-Mediated Growth of Anatase TiO ₂ Nanocrystals with Core–Antenna Structures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Liu, Yiding; Tang, Aiwei; Zhang, Qiao Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b04676	journal	August 2015
Diffraction line profiles from polydisperse crystalline systems Scardi, Paolo; Leoni, Matteo Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108767301008881	journal	August 2001
The Morphology of TiO ₂ (B) Nanoparticles Hua, Xiao; Liu, Zheng; Bruce, Peter G. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b08434	journal	October 2015
Mantid—Data analysis and visualization package for neutron scattering and μ SR experiments Arnold, O.; Bilheux, J. C.; Borreguero, J. M. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 764 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.07.029	journal	November 2014
Estimating grain-size distributions in nanocrystalline materials from X-ray diffraction profile analysis Kril, C. E.; Birringer, R. Philosophical Magazine A, Vol. 77, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/01418619808224072	journal	March 1998
Structure of Flame-Made Silica Nanoparticles by Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Kammler, Hendrik K.; Beaucage, Gregory; Mueller, Roger Langmuir, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/la030155v	journal	March 2004
GaN:ZnO Solid Solution as a Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Overall Water Splitting Maeda, Kazuhiko; Takata, Tsuyoshi; Hara, Michikazu Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0518777	journal	June 2005
The Effect of Cold‐Work Distortion on X‐Ray Patterns Warren, B. E.; Averbach, B. L. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699713	journal	June 1950
Debye function analysis of structure in diffraction from nanometer-sized particles Hall, B. D. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.372075	journal	February 2000
Zerstreuung von Röntgenstrahlen Debye, P. Annalen der Physik, Vol. 351, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19153510606	journal	January 1915
A total scattering Debye function analysis study of faulted Pt nanocrystals embedded in a porous matrix Bertolotti, Federica; Moscheni, Daniele; Migliori, Andrea Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances, Vol. 72, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S205327331601487X	journal	October 2016
Fast synthesis and refinement of the atomic pair distribution function Coelho, A. A.; Chater, P. A.; Kern, A. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 48, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576715007487	journal	May 2015
A fundamental parameters approach to X-ray line-profile fitting Cheary, R. W.; Coelho, A. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889891010804	journal	April 1992
Experimental evidence for quasimelting in small particles Ajayan, P. M.; Marks, L. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 63, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.279	journal	July 1989
Enhanced Photocatalytic CO ₂ -Reduction Activity of Anatase TiO ₂ by Coexposed {001} and {101} Facets Yu, Jiaguo; Low, Jingxiang; Xiao, Wei Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja5044787	journal	June 2014
Nonaqueous Synthesis of TiO ₂ Nanocrystals Using TiF ₄ to Engineer Morphology, Oxygen Vacancy Concentration, and Photocatalytic Activity Gordon, Thomas R.; Cargnello, Matteo; Paik, Taejong Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja300823a	journal	April 2012
Reactivity of Anatase TiO ₂ Nanoparticles: The Role of the Minority (001) Surface Gong, Xue-Qing; Selloni, Annabella The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp055311g	journal	October 2005
Synthesis of Tetrahexahedral Platinum Nanocrystals with High-Index Facets and High Electro-Oxidation Activity Tian, N.; Zhou, Z. -Y.; Sun, S. -G. Science, Vol. 316, Issue 5825, p. 732-735 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1140484	journal	May 2007
Methods, Mechanism, and Applications of Photodeposition in Photocatalysis: A Review Wenderich, Kasper; Mul, Guido Chemical Reviews, Vol. 116, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00327	journal	December 2016
Evidence for Crystal-Face-Dependent TiO ₂ Photocatalysis from Single-Molecule Imaging and Kinetic Analysis Tachikawa, Takashi; Yamashita, Soichiro; Majima, Tetsuro Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja201415j	journal	May 2011
DEBUSSY 2.0 : the new release of a Debye user system for nanocrystalline and/or disordered materials Cervellino, Antonio; Frison, Ruggero; Bertolotti, Federica Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 48, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576715020488	journal	November 2015
Prediction of TiO ₂ Nanoparticle Phase and Shape Transitions Controlled by Surface Chemistry Barnard, A. S.; Curtiss, L. A. Nano Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl050355m	journal	July 2005
Synthesis of Titania Nanosheets with a High Percentage of Exposed (001) Facets and Related Photocatalytic Properties Han, Xiguang; Kuang, Qin; Jin, Mingshang Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja8092373	journal	March 2009
DEBUSSY : a Debye user system for nanocrystalline materials Cervellino, Antonio; Giannini, Cinzia; Guagliardi, Antonietta Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 43, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889810041889	journal	November 2010
Size, Shape, and Internal Atomic Ordering of Nanocrystals by Atomic Pair Distribution Functions: A Comparative Study of γ-Fe ₂ O ₃ Nanosized Spheres and Tetrapods Petkov, Valeri; Cozzoli, P. Davide; Buonsanti, Raffaella Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9067589	journal	October 2009
Synthesis, characterization and enhanced photocatalytic CO ₂ reduction activity of graphene supported TiO ₂ nanocrystals with coexposed {001} and {101} facets Xiong, Zhuo; Luo, Ying; Zhao, Yongchun Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP07854G	journal	January 2016
Construction of Evolutionary Tree for Morphological Engineering of Nanoparticles Sohn, Kwonnam; Kim, Franklin; Pradel, Ken C. ACS Nano, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900521u	journal	July 2009
The surface science of titanium dioxide Diebold, Ulrike Surface Science Reports, Vol. 48, Issue 5-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5729(02)00100-0	journal	January 2003
A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures Rietveld, H. M. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 2, Issue 2, p. 65-71 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006558	journal	June 1969
Building and refining complete nanoparticle structures with total scattering data Page, Katharine; Hood, Taylor C.; Proffen, Thomas Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 44, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889811001968	journal	February 2011
Direct Observation of Charge Separation on Anatase TiO ₂ Crystals with Selectively Etched {001} Facets Liu, Xiaogang; Dong, Guojun; Li, Shaopeng Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b12521	journal	February 2016
Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic–inorganic interface Yin, Yadong; Alivisatos, A. Paul Nature, Vol. 437, Issue 7059, p. 664-670 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04165	journal	September 2005
Anatase shows its reactive side Selloni, Annabella Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2241	journal	August 2008
Small-angle scattering. Information content and error analysis Moore, P. B. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S002188988001179X	journal	April 1980
Scherrer after sixty years: A survey and some new results in the determination of crystallite size Langford, J. I.; Wilson, A. J. C. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889878012844	journal	April 1978
Direct Electrodeposition of Tetrahexahedral Pd Nanocrystals with High-Index Facets and High Catalytic Activity for Ethanol Electrooxidation Tian, Na; Zhou, Zhi-You; Yu, Neng-Fei Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 22, p. 7580-7581 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja102177r	journal	June 2010

Cited By (11)

TiO ₂ nanocrystals with the {001} and {101} facets co-exposed with MIL-100(Fe): an egg-like composite nanomaterial for efficient visible light-driven photocatalysis Wu, Wan; Zhu, Jie; Deng, Yue Hong RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 54 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06359e	journal	January 2019
Precise implications for real-space pair distribution function modeling of effects intrinsic to modern time-of-flight neutron diffractometers Olds, Daniel; Saunders, Claire N.; Peters, Megan Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053273318003224	journal	June 2018
A numerical method for deriving shape functions of nanoparticles for pair distribution function refinements Usher, Tedi-Marie; Olds, Daniel; Liu, Jue Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053273318004977	journal	June 2018
Engineering the Surface/Interface Structures of Titanium Dioxide Micro and Nano Architectures towards Environmental and Electrochemical Applications Wang, Xiaoliang; Zhao, Yanyan; Mølhave, Kristian https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201710.0002.v1	preprint	October 2017
Understanding structure of small $${\hbox {TiO}}_2$$ nanoparticles and adsorption mechanisms of PbS quantum dots for solid-state applications: a combined theoretical and experimental study Díaz-Rodríguez, T. G.; Pacio, M.; Agustín-Serrano, R. Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, Vol. 138, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-019-2480-8	journal	June 2019
Engineering the Surface/Interface Structures of Titanium Dioxide Micro and Nano Architectures towards Environmental and Electrochemical Applications Wang, Xiaoliang; Zhao, Yanyan; Mølhave, Kristian Nanomaterials, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano7110382	journal	November 2017
Electrochemical glucose sensing characteristics of two-dimensional faceted and non-faceted CuO nanoribbons Sahoo, Rakesh K.; Das, Arya; Samantaray, Koyel CrystEngComm, Vol. 21, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ce02033g	journal	January 2019
Insight into Different Mechanisms for Oxidation of Liquid and Gaseous Pollutants by Bi−NaBiO ₃ with or without Visible Light Illumination Gong, Jianyu; Chen, Ayan; Wang, Yunyang ChemCatChem, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201900158	journal	March 2019
A suite-level review of the neutron powder diffraction instruments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Calder, S.; An, K.; Boehler, R. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5033906	journal	September 2018
The Role of Surface Texture on the Photocatalytic H2 Production on TiO2 Pellegrino, Francesco; Sordello, Fabrizio; Minella, Marco Catalysts, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9010032	journal	January 2019
Interaction mechanism between TiO ₂ nanostructures and bovine leukemia virus proteins in photoluminescence-based immunosensors Tereshchenko, Alla; Smyntyna, Valentyn; Ramanavicius, Arunas RSC Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 66 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07347c	journal	January 2018

Similar Records

Quantitative Analysis of the Morphology of {101} and {001} Faceted Anatase TiO₂ Nanocrystals and Its Implication on Photocatalytic Activity

Journal Article · Tue Jun 13 20:00:00 EDT 2017 · Chemistry of Materials · OSTI ID:1376372

Probing Acid–Base Properties of Anatase TiO₂ Nanoparticles with Dominant {001} and {101} Facets Using Methanol Chemisorption and Surface Reactions

Journal Article · Tue Feb 09 19:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C · OSTI ID:1995952

Design of a novel dual Z-scheme photocatalytic system composited of Ag{sub 2}O modified Ti{sup 3+} self doped TiO{sub 2} nanocrystals with individual exposed (001) and (101) facets

Journal Article · Tue Feb 14 23:00:00 EST 2017 · Materials Characterization · OSTI ID:22689714

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY