Relationship between U.S. energy consumption and employment: Further evidence
- Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States)
Trivariate vector error-correction models (VECMs), in conjunction with cointegrated systems, are used to examine the causality issues between U.S. employment and energy consumption. Results of the VECMs indicate a bidirectional causality between nonfarm employment and energy consumption and between total employment and energy consumption. Furthermore, the replication of prior studies, after log-transforming, adjusting for seasonality and correcting for unit roots, also produced a unidirectional causal relationship from total employment to energy consumption and a bidirectional causal relationship between nonfarm employment and energy consumption for the 1973.1--1984.6 sample period in the bivariate models. Extending the sample period further, however, completely eliminated the unidirectional causal relationship from total employment to energy consumption in the bivariate system.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 137029
- Journal Information:
- Energy Sources, Journal Name: Energy Sources Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 17; ISSN 0090-8312; ISSN EGYSAO
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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