skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: K- and L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) determination of differential orbital covalency (DOC) of transition metal sites

Journal Article · · Coordination Chemistry Reviews
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  2. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Continual advancements in the development of synchrotron radiation sources have resulted in X-ray based spectroscopic techniques capable of probing the electronic and structural properties of numerous systems. This review gives an overview of the application of metal K-edge and L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), as well as Kα resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), to the study of electronic structure in transition metal sites with emphasis on experimentally quantifying 3d orbital covalency. The specific sensitivities of K-edge XAS, L-edge XAS, and RIXS are discussed emphasizing the complementary nature of the methods. L-edge XAS and RIXS are sensitive to mixing between 3d orbitals and ligand valence orbitals, and to the differential orbital covalency (DOC), that is, the difference in the covalencies for different symmetry sets of the d orbitals. Both L-edge XAS and RIXS are highly sensitive to and enable separation of σ and π donor bonding and π back bonding contributions to bonding. Applying ligand field multiplet simulations, including charge transfer via valence bond configuration interactions, DOC can be obtained for direct comparison with density functional theory calculations and to understand chemical trends. Here, the application of RIXS as a probe of frontier molecular orbitals in a heme enzyme demonstrates the potential of this method for the study of metal sites in highly covalent coordination sites in bioinorganic chemistry.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
R01GM040392; CHE-1360046; P41GM103393; AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1369247
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1550617
Journal Information:
Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Vol. 345, Issue C; ISSN 0010-8545
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 135 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (89)

Variable energy photoelectron spectroscopy: electronic structure and electronic relaxation journal January 2005
Spectroscopic and computational insight into the activation of O2 by the mononuclear Cu center in polysaccharide monooxygenases journal June 2014
Geometric and Electronic Structure of [{Cu(MeAN)} 2 (μ-η 22 (O 2 2– ))] 2+ with an Unusually Long O–O Bond: O–O Bond Weakening vs Activation for Reductive Cleavage journal May 2012
Structure and reactivity of a mononuclear non-haem iron(III)–peroxo complex journal October 2011
Heme−Copper−Dioxygen Complexes: Toward Understanding Ligand-Environmental Effects on the Coordination Geometry, Electronic Structure, and Reactivity journal April 2010
Ligand K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy: covalency of ligand–metal bonds journal January 2005
High resolution 1s core hole X-ray spectroscopy in 3d transition metal complexes—electronic and structural information journal January 2005
High-Resolution X-ray Emission and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy journal June 2001
First-principles calculations of X-ray absorption spectra at the K-edge of 3d transition metals: an electronic structure analysis of the pre-edge journal January 2010
Manganese K-Edge X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy as a Probe of the Metal–Ligand Interactions in Coordination Compounds journal December 2011
Mn K-Edge X-ray Absorption Studies of Oxo- and Hydroxo-manganese(IV) Complexes: Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Pre-Edge Properties journal May 2014
Electrochemical and in situ X-ray spectroscopic studies of MnO 2 /reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as a supercapacitor journal January 2016
Electronic Structure Determination of Pyridine N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Dinitrogen Complexes and Neutral Ligand Derivatives journal September 2014
Re-evaluating the Cu K pre-edge XAS transition in complexes with covalent metal–ligand interactions journal January 2015
Structural changes correlated with magnetic spin state isomorphism in the S 2 state of the Mn 4 CaO 5 cluster in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II journal January 2016
Tracking the Structural and Electronic Configurations of a Cobalt Proton Reduction Catalyst in Water journal August 2016
Ultrafast Excited State Relaxation of a Metalloporphyrin Revealed by Femtosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy journal July 2016
Experimental and Theoretical High-Energy-Resolution X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Implications for the Investigation of the Entatic State journal November 2016
L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Investigation of {FeNO} 6 : Delocalization vs Antiferromagnetic Coupling journal January 2017
Intracluster Atomic and Electronic Structural Heterogeneities in Supported Nanoscale Metal Catalysts journal November 2015
dd Excitations in CPO-27-Ni Metal–Organic Framework: Comparison between Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering and UV–vis Spectroscopy journal April 2013
The Electronic Structure of Mn in Oxides, Coordination Complexes, and the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II Studied by Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering journal August 2004
Electronic Structural Changes of Mn in the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II during the Catalytic Cycle journal April 2013
X-ray Spectroscopic Characterization of Co(IV) and Metal–Metal Interactions in Co 4 O 4 : Electronic Structure Contributions to the Formation of High-Valent States Relevant to the Oxygen Evolution Reaction journal August 2016
Free-electron laser based resonant inelastic X-ray scattering on molecules and liquids journal October 2015
Temperature-Dependent 1s2p Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of CoO journal February 2013
Electronic Structure of an [FeFe] Hydrogenase Model Complex in Solution Revealed by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Using Narrow-Band Emission Detection journal August 2012
X-ray Spectroscopic Study of Solvent Effects on the Ferrous and Ferric Hexacyanide Anions journal September 2014
X-ray absorption edge determination of the oxidation state and coordination number of copper. Application to the type 3 site in Rhus vernicifera laccase and its reaction with oxygen journal October 1987
Observation of an electric quadrupole transition in the X-ray absorption spectrum of a Cu(II) complex journal May 1982
Ab initio studies of the x-ray absorption edge in copper complexes. I. Atomic Cu 2 + and Cu(ii) Cl 2 journal September 1980
Metal and Ligand K-Edge XAS of Organotitanium Complexes:  Metal 4p and 3d Contributions to Pre-edge Intensity and Their Contributions to Bonding journal January 2005
X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of the blue copper site: metal and ligand K-edge studies to probe the origin of the EPR hyperfine splitting in plastocyanin journal January 1993
X-ray Absorption Edge and EXAFS Studies of the Blue Copper Site in Stellacyanin:  Effects of Axial Amide Coordination journal November 2000
Spectroscopic Investigation of Stellacyanin Mutants:  Axial Ligand Interactions at the Blue Copper Site journal September 2003
A Systematic K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of Cu(III) Sites journal June 2000
On the Absorption Spectra of Complex Ions. I journal September 1954
A Multiplet Analysis of Fe K-Edge 1s → 3d Pre-Edge Features of Iron Complexes journal July 1997
Hexachlorometallates of Trivalent Chromium, Manganese and Iron journal February 1963
Crystal and molecular structures of rinneite, sodium tripotassium hexachloroferrate(II), and hexaamminecobalt(III) hexachloroferrate(III). Comparison of iron-chloride distances in hexachloroferrate(II) and hexachloroferrate(III) journal April 1982
Bond distances and thermal motion in ferrous fluosilicate hexahydrate: a neutron diffraction study journal April 1962
Iron(II) and iron(III) complexes of N-(2-(4-imidazolyl)ethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide, a ligand resembling part of the metal-binding domain of bleomycin journal August 1990
Structural and spectroscopic studies of tetrachlorophosphonium tetrachloroferrate(III), [PCl4][FeCl4] journal October 1968
Spectroscopic and theoretical studies of the unusual EPR parameters of distorted tetrahedral cupric sites: correlations to x-ray spectral features of core levels journal April 1987
Copper L-edge spectral studies: a direct experimental probe of the ground-state covalency in the blue copper site in plastocyanin journal April 1993
A Quantitative Description of the Ground-State Wave Function of Cu A by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy:  Comparison to Plastocyanin and Relevance to Electron Transfer journal June 2001
X-ray absorption edge spectroscopy of ligands bound to open-shell metal ions: chlorine K-edge studies of covalency in tetrachlorocuprate(2-) journal February 1990
Multiplet effects in X-ray spectroscopy journal January 2005
L-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Non-Heme Iron Sites:  Experimental Determination of Differential Orbital Covalency journal October 2003
L 2 , 3 x-ray-absorption edges of d 0 compounds: K + , Ca 2 + , Sc 3 + , and Ti 4 + in O h (octahedral) symmetry journal January 1990
The CTM4XAS program for EELS and XAS spectral shape analysis of transition metal L edges journal October 2010
CTM4DOC : electronic structure analysis from X-ray spectroscopy journal August 2016
Fe L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Determination of Differential Orbital Covalency of Siderophore Model Compounds: Electronic Structure Contributions to High Stability Constants journal March 2010
Characterization of Chemical Bonds in Bimetallic Cyanides Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at L 2,3 Edges journal January 1996
Soft X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Paramagnetic Systems:  Element-Specific Magnetization of Two Heptanuclear CrIII MII6 High-Spin Molecules journal June 1999
Photoinduced Ferrimagnetic Systems in Prussian Blue Analogues C I x Co 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] y (C I = Alkali Cation). 2. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of the Metastable State journal July 2000
Fe L-Edge XAS Studies of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]:  A Direct Probe of Back-Bonding journal August 2006
Fe L- and K-edge XAS of Low-Spin Ferric Corrole: Bonding and Reactivity Relative to Low-Spin Ferric Porphyrin journal February 2009
Fe L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Low-Spin Heme Relative to Non-heme Fe Complexes:  Delocalization of Fe d-Electrons into the Porphyrin Ligand journal January 2007
The Magnetic Properties and Structure of Hemoglobin, Oxyhemoglobin and Carbonmonoxyhemoglobin journal April 1936
Nature of the Iron–Oxygen Bond in Oxyhæmoglobin journal April 1964
Electronic Structure of Transition-Metal Complex Ions journal January 1960
Increased-valence formulae and the bonding of oxygen to haemoglobin journal September 1971
Ozone Model for Bonding of an O2 to Heme in Oxyhemoglobin journal June 1975
Iron L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Oxy-Picket Fence Porphyrin: Experimental Insight into Fe–O 2 Bonding journal January 2013
Nature of the Fe−O 2 Bonding in Oxy-Myoglobin: Effect of the Protein journal November 2008
Iron L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Myoglobin Complexes and Photolysis Products journal May 1997
Resonant X-ray Raman scattering journal May 1999
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra for electrons in solids journal February 2001
High Resolution X-Ray Resonant Raman Scattering journal May 1995
Electronic Structure of Ni Complexes by X-ray Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering) journal August 2002
Fe K pre-edges as revealed by resonant x-ray emission journal June 2004
Isotope Effects in the Resonant Inelastic Soft X-ray Scattering Maps of Gas-Phase Methanol journal April 2016
Perspectives of in situ/operando resonant inelastic X-ray scattering in catalytic energy materials science journal April 2015
Viewing the Valence Electronic Structure of Ferric and Ferrous Hexacyanide in Solution from the Fe and Cyanide Perspectives journal July 2016
Polarization Dependence of Resonant X-Ray Emission Spectra in 3 d n Transition Metal Compounds with n = 0, 1, 2, 3 journal January 2002
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering of MnO : L 2 , 3 edge measurements and assessment of their interpretation journal January 2006
From Ligand Fields to Molecular Orbitals: Probing the Local Valence Electronic Structure of Ni 2+ in Aqueous Solution with Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering journal December 2013
In Situ Characterization of the 5d Density of States of Pt Nanoparticles upon Adsorption of CO journal March 2010
Direct study of the f-electron configuration in lanthanide systems journal January 2011
Metal–Ligand Covalency of Iron Complexes from High-Resolution Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering journal October 2013
Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering on Ferrous and Ferric Bis-imidazole Porphyrin and Cytochrome c : Nature and Role of the Axial Methionine–Fe Bond journal December 2014
Cytochrome c: functions beyond respiration journal July 2008
Undistorted X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Using s-Core-Orbital Emissions journal April 2016
L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Dilute Systems Relevant to Metalloproteins Using an X-ray Free-Electron Laser journal October 2013
A combined DFT and restricted open-shell configuration interaction method including spin-orbit coupling: Application to transition metal L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy journal May 2013
Ab Initio Calculations of X-ray Spectra: Atomic Multiplet and Molecular Orbital Effects in a Multiconfigurational SCF Approach to the L-Edge Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes journal November 2012
Restricted active space calculations of L-edge X-ray absorption spectra: From molecular orbitals to multiplet states journal September 2014
High-pressure Apparatus Integrated with Synchrotron Radiation journal January 2014

Cited By (11)

Temperature-dependent dynamics of NH 3 -derived Cu species in the Cu-CHA SCR catalyst journal January 2019
Glutathione activation of an organometallic half-sandwich anticancer drug candidate by ligand attack journal January 2019
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering determination of the electronic structure of oxyhemoglobin and its model complex journal February 2019
L-edge spectroscopy of dilute, radiation-sensitive systems using a transition-edge-sensor array journal December 2017
Long-term chemothermal stability of delithiated NCA in polymer solid-state batteries journal January 2019
In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of Nanoscale Electrocatalysts journal June 2019
Solvent-assisted structural conversion involving bimetallic complexes based on the tris(oxalato)ferrate( iii ) unit with the green → blue → red crystal color sequence journal January 2019
Ultrafast X-ray Absorption Studies of the Structural Dynamics of Molecular and Biological Systems in Solution journal May 2011
Long-Term Chemothermal Stability of Delithiated NCA in Polymer Solid-State Batteries text January 2019
L-Edge Spectroscopy of Dilute, Radiation-Sensitive Systems Using a Transition-Edge-Sensor Array text January 2017
Attosecond Transient Absorption Spooktroscopy: a ghost imaging approach to ultrafast absorption spectroscopy text January 2019