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Historical Trends in PM2.5-Related Premature Mortality during 1990$$-$$2010 across the Northern Hemisphere

Journal Article · · Environmental Health Perspectives
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP298· OSTI ID:1366538
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [4]
  1. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). State Key Joint Lab. of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment; Environmental Protection Agency
  2. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). State Key Joint Lab. of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment
  3. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)
  4. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). State Key Joint Lab. of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment
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Air quality across the northern hemisphere over the past two decades has witnessed dramatic changes, with continuous improvement in developed countries in North America and Europe, but a contrasting sharp deterioration in developing regions of Asia. Objective: This study investigates the historical trend in the long-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM2.5-related premature mortality (PM2.5-mortality) and its response to changes in emission that occurred during 1990-2010 across the northern hemisphere. Implications for future trends in human exposure to air pollution in both developed and developing regions of the world are discussed. Methods: We employed the integrated exposure-response model developed by Health Effects Institute to estimate the PM2.5-mortality. The 1990-2010 annual-average PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from the simulations using WRF-CMAQ model. Emission mitigation efficiencies of SO2, NOx, NH3 and primary PM are estimated from the PM2.5-mortality responses to the emission variations. Results: Estimated PM2.5-mortalities in East Asia and South Asia increased by 21% and 85% respectively, from 866,000 and 578,000 in 1990, to 1,048,000 and 1,068,000 in 2010. PM2.5-mortalities in developed regions, i.e., Europe and high-income North America decreased substantially by 67% and 58% respectively. Conclusions: Over the past two decades, correlations between population and PM2.5 have become weaker in Europe and North America due to air pollution controls but stronger in East Asia due to deteriorating air quality. Mitigation of primary PM appears to be the most efficient way for increasing health benefits, i.e., providing the largest mortality reduction per unit emissions. However, reductions in emissions of NH3 are needed to maximize the effectiveness of NOx emission controls.
Research Organization:
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USEPA
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0003782
OSTI ID:
1366538
Journal Information:
Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Name: Environmental Health Perspectives Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 125; ISSN 0091-6765
Publisher:
National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Half-Century Ammonia Emissions From Agricultural Systems in Southern Asia: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Implications for Human Health journal January 2018
Change in fine particle-related premature deaths among US population subgroups between 1980 and 2010 journal April 2019
An Integrated Agriculture, Atmosphere, and Hydrology Modeling System for Ecosystem Assessments journal December 2019
Comparison of multiple PM 2.5 exposure products for estimating health benefits of emission controls over New York State, USA journal July 2019
Premature Deaths, Statistical Lives, and Years of Life Lost: Identification, Quantification, and Valuation of Mortality Risks journal December 2019
Hybrid Resiliency-Stressor Conceptual Framework for Informing Decision Support Tools and Addressing Environmental Injustice and Health Inequities journal April 2019
Extending the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system to hemispheric scales: overview of process considerations and initial applications journal January 2017
Long-term trends in the ambient PM 2.5 - and O 3 -related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010 journal January 2018
Light absorption of brown carbon in eastern China based on 3-year multi-wavelength aerosol optical property observations and an improved absorption Ångström exponent segregation method journal January 2018
Development and application of observable response indicators for design of an effective ozone and fine-particle pollution control strategy in China journal January 2019
Development and application of observable response indicators for design of an effective ozone and fine particle pollution control strategy in China posted_content May 2019

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