Dynamic states of swimming bacteria in a nematic liquid crystal cell with homeotropic alignment

Zhou, Shuang; Tovkach, Oleh; Golovaty, Dmitry; Sokolov, Andrey; Aranson, Igor S.; Lavrentovich, Oleg D.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aa695b

Title: Dynamic states of swimming bacteria in a nematic liquid crystal cell with homeotropic alignment

Journal Article · Wed May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · New Journal of Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa695b· OSTI ID:1364622

Zhou, Shuang ^[1]; Tovkach, Oleh ^[2]; Golovaty, Dmitry ^[3]; Sokolov, Andrey ^[4]; Aranson, Igor S. ^[5];

^[6]

Kent State Univ., Kent, OH (United States). Liquid Crystal Inst. and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program; Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Univ. of Akron, OH (United States). Dept. of Mathematics; Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Akron, OH (United States). Dept. of Mathematics
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept of Biomedical Engineering
Kent State Univ., Kent, OH (United States). Liquid Crystal Inst. and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program

Flagellated bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis exhibit effective mechanisms for swimming in fluids and exploring the surrounding environment. In isotropic fluids such as water, the bacteria change swimming direction through the run-and-tumble process. Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) have been introduced recently as an anisotropic environment in which the direction of preferred orientation, the director, guides the bacterial trajectories. In this work, we describe the behavior of bacteria B. subtilis in a homeotropic LCLC geometry, in which the director is perpendicular to the bounding plates of a shallow cell. We demonstrate that the bacteria are capable of overcoming the stabilizing elastic forces of the LCLC and swim perpendicularly to the imposed director (and parallel to the bounding plates). The effect is explained by a finite surface anchoring of the director at the bacterial body; the role of surface anchoring is analyzed by numerical simulations of a rod realigning in an otherwise uniform director field. Shear flows produced by a swimming bacterium cause director distortions around its body, as evidenced both by experiments and numerical simulations. These distortions contribute to a repulsive force that keeps the swimming bacterium at a distance of a few micrometers away from the bounding plates. The homeotropic alignment of the director imposes two different scenarios of bacterial tumbling: one with an 180° reversal of the horizontal velocity and the other with the realignment of the bacterium by two consecutive 90° turns. Finally, in the second case, the angle between the bacterial body and the imposed director changes from 90° to 0° and then back to 90°; the new direction of swimming does not correlate with the previous swimming direction.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1364622

Journal Information:: New Journal of Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 5; ISSN 1367-2630

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 42 works

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