Quantitative assessment of carbon allocation anomalies in low temperature bainite

Rementeria, Rosalia; Jimenez, Jose A.; Allain, Sébastien Y. P.; Geandier, Guillaume; Poplawsky, Jonathan D.; Guo, Wei; Urones-Garrote, Esteban; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos; Caballero, Francisca G.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2017.05.048

Title: Quantitative assessment of carbon allocation anomalies in low temperature bainite

Journal Article · Wed May 24 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Acta Materialia

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.05.048· OSTI ID:1361375

Rementeria, Rosalia ^[1]; Jimenez, Jose A. ^[1]; Allain, Sébastien Y. P. ^[2]; Geandier, Guillaume ^[2]; Poplawsky, Jonathan D. ^[3]; Guo, Wei ^[3]; Urones-Garrote, Esteban ^[4]; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos ^[1]; Caballero, Francisca G. ^[1]

Spanish National Center for Metallurgical Research (CENIM-CSIC), Madrid (Spain)
Univ. de Lorraine, Nancy Cedex (France)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Madrid (Spain)

Low temperature bainite is a mixture of ferrite and austenite with a high dislocation density and nanoscale precipitates produced by isothermal transformation of the austenite in high-carbon high-silicon steels. The mass balance for carbon is systematically unsuitable when considering only ferrite and austenite forming the structure, but no attempt has been made to evaluate the amount of carbon located at linear defects and precipitates. Additionally, bainitic ferrite has been recently shown to have a tetragonal crystal structure, allowing greater amounts of carbon in solid solution than those expected by the paraequilibrium phase boundaries. In order to quantify the contribution of all the carbon sinks, we have followed the evolution of carbon in ferrite and austenite, along with the precipitation of cementite and η–carbide, during the isothermal bainitic transformation at 220 and 250 °C by means of in-situ synchrotron high energy X-ray diffraction and complementary transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) analyses. Furthermore, this is the first time that the mass balance for carbon is successfully achieved by considering all the transformation products together with an estimation of the carbon segregated to linear defects.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1361375

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1439490

Journal Information:: Acta Materialia, Vol. 133, Issue C; ISSN 1359-6454

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 43 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (92)

Preface to the Viewpoint Set on: Bainite Hillert, Mats Scripta Materialia, Vol. 47, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00118-5	journal	August 2002
Carbon supersaturation of ferrite in a nanocrystalline bainitic steel Caballero, F. G.; Miller, M. K.; Garcia-Mateo, C. Acta Materialia, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.12.020	journal	April 2010
Atomic scale observations of bainite transformation in a high carbon high silicon steel Caballero, F.; Miller, M.; Babu, S. Acta Materialia, Vol. 55, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.033	journal	January 2007
Nanoscale microstructural characterization of a nanobainitic steel Timokhina, I. B.; Beladi, H.; Xiong, X. Y. Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.05.024	journal	August 2011
Growth of bainitic ferrite and carbon partitioning during the early stages of bainite transformation in a 2 mass% silicon steel studied by in situ neutron diffraction, TEM and APT Timokhina, I. B.; Liss, K. D.; Raabe, D. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 49, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576716000418	journal	February 2016
Influence of transformation temperature on carbide precipitation sequence during lower bainite formation Caballero, F. G.; Miller, M. K.; Garcia-Mateo, C. Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 146, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.02.041	journal	July 2014
On low temperature bainite transformation characteristics using in-situ neutron diffraction and atom probe tomography Rakha, Khushboo; Beladi, Hossein; Timokhina, Ilana Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 589 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.09.055	journal	January 2014
Low temperature bainitic ferrite: Evidence of carbon super-saturation and tetragonality Garcia-Mateo, C.; Jimenez, J. A.; Yen, H. -W. Acta Materialia, Vol. 91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.03.018	journal	June 2015
Tensile Response of Two Nanoscale Bainite Composite-Like Structures Morales-Rivas, Lucia; Yen, Hung-Wei; Huang, Bo-Ming JOM, Vol. 67, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1562-x	journal	August 2015
Anomalies in carbon concentration determinations from nanostructured bainite Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000655	journal	September 2014
In-situ observations of lattice parameter fluctuations in austenite and transformation to bainite Babu, S. S.; Specht, E. D.; David, S. A. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 36, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0002-x	journal	December 2005
Synchrotron X-ray studies of austenite and bainitic ferrite Stone, H. J.; Peet, M. J.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 464, Issue 2092 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.0201	journal	January 2008
Bainitic transformation behavior studied by simultaneous neutron diffraction and dilatometric measurement Koo, Minseo; Xu, Pingguang; Tomota, Yo Scripta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.06.032	journal	October 2009
Influence of silicon on cementite precipitation in steels Kozeschnik, E.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1179/174328408X275973	journal	March 2008
Voigt-function modeling in Fourier analysis of size- and strain-broadened X-ray diffraction peaks Balzar, D.; Ledbetter, H. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889892008987	journal	February 1993
Experimental evidence for non-cubic bainitic ferrite Hulme-Smith, C. N.; Lonardelli, I.; Dippel, A. C. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 69, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.05.035	journal	September 2013
New experimental evidence on the incomplete transformation phenomenon in steel Caballero, F. G.; Garcia-Mateo, C.; Santofimia, M. J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.08.041	journal	January 2009
On measurement of carbon content in retained austenite in a nanostructured bainitic steel Garcia-Mateo, C.; Caballero, F. G.; Miller, M. K. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 47, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5880-2	journal	September 2011
Design of novel high strength bainitic steels: Part 1 Caballero, F. G.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.; Mawella, K. J. A. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1179/026708301101510348	journal	May 2001
Bainite transformation kinetics Part 2 Non-uniform distribution of carbon Rees, G. I.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1992.8.11.994	journal	November 1992
A study of the peculiarities of austenite during the formation of bainite Le Houillier, R.; Bégin, G.; Dubé, A. Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02814908	journal	September 1971
Further evidence of tetragonality in bainitic ferrite Hulme-Smith, C. N.; Peet, M. J.; Lonardelli, I. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000691	journal	March 2014
Solubility of carbon in tetragonal ferrite in equilibrium with austenite Jang, Jae Hoon; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.; Suh, Dong-Woo Scripta Materialia, Vol. 68, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.10.017	journal	February 2013
Bainite in silicon steels: new composition–property approach Part 1 Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.; Edmonds, D. V. Metal Science, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1179/030634583790420600	journal	September 1983
Lattice parameters of iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen martensites and austenites Cheng, Liu; Böttger, A.; de Keijser, Th. H. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(90)90192-J	journal	March 1990
Tensile behaviour of a nanocrystalline bainitic steel containing 3wt% silicon Garcia-Mateo, C.; Caballero, F. G.; Sourmail, T. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 549 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.04.031	journal	July 2012
On the role of microstructure in governing the fatigue behaviour of nanostructured bainitic steels Rementeria, Rosalia; Morales-Rivas, Lucia; Kuntz, Matthias Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 630 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.02.016	journal	April 2015
Effect of Austempering Route on Microstructural Characterization of Nanobainitic Steel Lan, Huifang; Du, Linxiu; Zhou, Na Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-013-0006-2	journal	January 2014
Characterisation of microstructure and mechanical properties in two different nanostructured bainitic steels Avishan, B.; Yazdani, S.; Caballero, F. G. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000745	journal	December 2014
Carbon concentration measurements by atom probe tomography in the ferritic phase of high-silicon steels Rementeria, Rosalia; Poplawsky, Jonathan D.; Aranda, Maria M. Acta Materialia, Vol. 125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.013	journal	February 2017
Martensite lattice changes during tempering Chen, P. C.; Winchell, P. G. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02653487	journal	August 1980
Very strong bainite Caballero, F. G.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, Vol. 8, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2004.09.005	journal	June 2004
Very strong low temperature bainite Caballero, F. G.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.; Mawella, K. J. A. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1179/026708301225000725	journal	March 2002
Characterization of transition carbides in quench and partitioned steel microstructures by Mössbauer spectroscopy and complementary techniques Pierce, D. T.; Coughlin, D. R.; Williamson, D. L. Acta Materialia, Vol. 90 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.024	journal	May 2015
Crystal structure and morphology of the carbide precipitated from martensitic high carbon steel during the first stage of tempering Hirotsu, Y.; Nagakura, S. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(72)90020-X	journal	April 1972
Resolution limit of a transmission electron microscope with an uncorrected conventional magnetic objective lens Tsuno, K. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 50, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(93)90193-2	journal	August 1993
Electron Microscopy and Diffraction Study of the Carbide Precipitated at the First Stage of Tempering of Martensitic Medium Carbon Steel Hirotsu, Yoshihiko; Nagakura, Sigemaro Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1960.15.129	journal	January 1974
Electron Microscopy and Diffraction Study of the Carbide Precipitated from Martensitic Low and High Nickel Steels at the First Stage of Tempering Hirotsu, Yoshihiko; Itakura, Y\={o.}ichi; Su, Kuo-Chang Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 17, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1960.17.503	journal	January 1976
A study of the early stages of tempering in an Fe-1.2 Pct alloy Williamson, D. L.; Nakazawa, K.; Krauss, G. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02811991	journal	September 1979
Carbide precipitation during stage I tempering of Fe-Ni-C martensites Taylor, K. A.; Olson, G. B.; Cohen, M. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 20, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670168	journal	December 1989
Electron microscopy study of the passivating layer on iron-nickel martensite Chen, Sheree H.; Morris, J. W. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02677259	journal	January 1977
A study of interstitial atom configuration in fresh and aged iron-carbon martensite by mossbauer spectroscopy Ino, Hiromitsu; Ito, Tsunenori; Nasu, Saburo Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(82)90039-6	journal	January 1982
Characterization by Moessbauer spectroscopy of iron carbides formed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Le Caer, G.; Dubois, J. M.; Pijolat, M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 86, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100221a030	journal	November 1982
Low-temperature martensitic transformation and deep cryogenic treatment of a tool steel Tyshchenko, A. I.; Theisen, W.; Oppenkowski, A. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 527, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.07.056	journal	October 2010
Identification structurale precise des carbures precipites dans les aciers faiblement allies aux divers stades du revenu, mecanismes de precipitation Dirand, M.; Afqir, L. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(83)90205-5	journal	July 1983
Quantitative investigation into the influence of temperature on carbide and austenite evolution during partitioning of a quenched and partitioned steel Pierce, D. T.; Coughlin, D. R.; Williamson, D. L. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 121 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.04.027	journal	August 2016
Role of Eta-carbide Precipitations in the Wear Resistance Improvements of Fe-12Cr-Mo-V-1.4C Tool Steel by Cryogenic Treatment. Meng, Fanju; Tagashira, Kohsuke; Azuma, Ryo ISIJ International, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.34.205	journal	January 1994
Low-temperature martensitic transformation in tool steels in relation to their deep cryogenic treatment Gavriljuk, V. G.; Theisen, W.; Sirosh, V. V. Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.045	journal	March 2013
The Aging and Tempering of Iron-Nickel-Carbon Martensites Sherman, A. M.; Eldis, G. T.; Cohen, Morris Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02659847	journal	May 1983
Tempering Kinetics of the Martensitic Phase in DP Steel Waterschoot, T.; Verbeken, K.; De Cooman, B. C. ISIJ International, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.46.138	journal	January 2006
Interaction between dislocations and interstitial atoms in body-centered cubic metals Cochardt, A. W.; Schoek, G.; Wiedersich, H. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(55)90111-5	journal	November 1955
Adaptive-boost molecular dynamics simulation of carbon diffusion in iron Ishii, Akio; Ogata, Shigenobu; Kimizuka, Hajime Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.064303	journal	February 2012
Effect of the stress field of an edge dislocation on carbon diffusion in $α$ -iron: Coupling molecular statics and atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo Veiga, R. G. A.; Perez, M.; Becquart, C. S. Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.054103	journal	August 2010
Structural changes and strengthening in the strain tempering of martensite Kalish, David; Cohen, Morris Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(70)90045-5	journal	September 1970
Some aspects of atom-probe analysis of FeC and FeN systems Sha, W.; Chang, L.; Smith, G. D. W. Surface Science, Vol. 266, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(92)91055-G	journal	April 1992
Quantitative analysis of carbon in cementite using pulsed laser atom probe Kitaguchi, H. S.; Lozano-Perez, S.; Moody, M. P. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.06.004	journal	December 2014
Quantitative measurement of carbon content in Fe–C binary alloys by atom probe tomography Miyamoto, Goro; Shinbo, Kunio; Furuhara, Tadashi Scripta Materialia, Vol. 67, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.09.007	journal	December 2012
Quantitative analysis of carbon content in cementite in steel by atom probe tomography Takahashi, J.; Kawakami, K.; Kobayashi, Y. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 111, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.03.024	journal	July 2011
Atomic scale effects of alloying, partitioning, solute drag and austempering on the mechanical properties of high-carbon bainitic–austenitic TRIP steels Seol, Jae-Bok; Raabe, Dierk; Choi, Puck-Pa Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.07.064	journal	October 2012
Carbon partitioning during quenching and partitioning heat treatment accompanied by carbide precipitation Toji, Yuki; Miyamoto, Goro; Raabe, Dierk Acta Materialia, Vol. 86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.11.049	journal	March 2015
Understanding the Behavior of Advanced High-Strength Steels Using Atom Probe Tomography Pereloma, Elena; Beladi, Hossein; Zhang, Laichang Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0782-0	journal	September 2011
Three-dimensional atom probe characterization of alloy element partitioning in cementite during tempering of alloy steel Zhu, Chen; Xiong, X. Y.; Cerezo, A. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 107, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.02.033	journal	September 2007
Composition of cementite in the dependence on the temperature. In situ neutron diffraction study and Ab initio calculations Voronin, V. I.; Berger, I. F.; Gornostyrev, Yu. N. JETP Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364010030094	journal	February 2010
Combining structural and chemical information at the nanometer scale by correlative transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography Herbig, M.; Choi, P.; Raabe, D. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 153 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.02.003	journal	June 2015
Towards better 3-D reconstructions by combining electron tomography and atom-probe tomography Arslan, Ilke; Marquis, Emmanuelle A.; Homer, Mark Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 108, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.05.008	journal	November 2008
Atom probe trajectory mapping using experimental tip shape measurements: ATOM PROBE TRAJECTORY MAPPING Haley, D.; Petersen, T.; Ringer, S. P. Journal of Microscopy, Vol. 244, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03522.x	journal	August 2011
Evaluating and Improving the Accuracy of Atom Probe Reconstructions via Correlative TEM Tomography Henry, K. T.; Herzing, A. A.; Steel, E. B. Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 18, Issue S2 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927612006794	journal	July 2012
Shear-Induced Mixing Governs Codeformation of Crystalline-Amorphous Nanolaminates Guo, Wei; Jägle, Eric A.; Choi, Pyuck-Pa Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.035501	journal	July 2014
Standard deviations of composition measurements in atom probe analyses—Part II: 3D atom probe Danoix, F.; Grancher, G.; Bostel, A. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 107, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.02.005	journal	September 2007
Precipitation of paraequilibrium cementite: Experiments, and thermodynamic and kinetic modeling Ghosh, G.; Olson, G. B. Acta Materialia, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00054-X	journal	May 2002
Clustering and nearest neighbour distances in atom-probe tomography Philippe, T.; De Geuser, F.; Duguay, S. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 109, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.06.007	journal	September 2009
Clustering and pair correlation function in atom probe tomography Philippe, T.; Duguay, S.; Blavette, D. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 110, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.03.004	journal	June 2010
3D atom probe study of solute atoms clustering during natural ageing and pre-ageing of an Al-Mg-Si alloy De Geuser, F.; Lefebvre, W.; Blavette, D. Philosophical Magazine Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/09500830600643270	journal	April 2006
Redistribution of alloying elements during tempering of a nanocrystalline steel Caballero, F. G.; Miller, M. K.; Garcia-Mateo, C. Acta Materialia, Vol. 56, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.018	journal	January 2008
Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Precipitation during Tempering of a Nanostructured Bainitic Steel Caballero, F. G.; Miller, M. K.; Garcia-Mateo, C. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 42, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0699-7	journal	April 2011
On the Decomposition of Martensite during Bake Hardening of Thermomechanically Processed Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels Pereloma, E. V.; Miller, M. K.; Timokhina, I. B. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 39, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-008-9663-6	journal	October 2008
Carbide characterization in low-temperature tempered steels Zhu, Chen; Cerezo, Alfred; Smith, George D. W. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 109, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.12.007	journal	April 2009
Mössbauer measurements on the aging of iron-carbon martensite Choo, W. K.; Kaplow, Roy Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(73)90036-9	journal	June 1973
The kinetics of carbon clustering in martensite DeCristofaro, Nicholas; Kaplow, Roy; Owen, Walter S. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649791	journal	June 1978
Determination of matrix composition based on solute-solute nearest-neighbor distances in atom probe tomography Geuser, F. De; Lefebvre, W. Microscopy Research and Technique, Vol. 74, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20899	journal	February 2011
A debate on the bainite reaction Hehemann, R. F.; Kinsman, K. R.; Aaronson, H. I. Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02642439	journal	May 1972
The Bainite reaction in Fe-Si-C Alloys: The primary stage Sandvik, B. P. J. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02642391	journal	May 1982
Three-dimensional atomic scale analysis of microstructures formed in high strength steels Timokhina, I. B.; Xiong, X. Y.; Beladi, H. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284710Y.0000000021	journal	April 2011
Transmission electron microscopy study of austempered nodular iron: Influence of silicon content, austenitizing time and austempering temperature Franetovic, Vjekoslav; Shea, Michael M.; Ryntz, Edward F. Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 96 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(87)90556-8	journal	December 1987
The bainite transformation and the carbide precipitation of 4.88% aluminium austempered ductile iron investigated using electron microscopy Kiani-Rashid, A. R. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 474, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.06.131	journal	April 2009
Metallography of bainitic transformation in austempered ductile iron Sidjanin, L.; Smallman, R. E. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1992.8.12.1095	journal	December 1992
Density changes of crystals containing dislocations Seeger, A.; Haasen, P. The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435808244569	journal	May 1958
Dislocation Theory of Yielding and Strain Ageing of Iron Cottrell, A. H.; Bilby, B. A. Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section A, Vol. 62, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0370-1298/62/1/308	journal	January 1949
Flow stress analysis of TWIP steel via the XRD measurement of dislocation density Dini, G.; Ueji, R.; Najafizadeh, A. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 527, Issue 10-11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.01.033	journal	April 2010
Stacking faults in face-centred cubic metals and alloys Smallman, R. E.; Westmacott, K. H. Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 2, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435708242709	journal	May 1957
Three-dimensional atomic-scale mapping of a cottrell atmosphere around a dislocation in iron Wilde, J.; Cerezo, A.; Smith, G. D. W. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00361-4	journal	June 2000
Nano-Scale Analysis of Nano-Bainite Formed in Advanced High Strength Steels Timokhina, Ilana B.; Beladi, Hossein; Xiong, Xiang Yuan Materials Science Forum, Vol. 654-656 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.654-656.102	journal	June 2010

Cited By (5)

Quantitative Assessment of the Time to End Bainitic Transformation Metals, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090925	journal	August 2019
Cryogenic study of the magnetic and thermal stability of retained austenite in nanostructured bainite Argüelles, Arántzazu; Barbés, Florentina; Espeso, Jose I. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2019.1625722	journal	June 2019
Quantitative Assessment of the Time to End Bainitic Transformation Santajuana, Miguel A.; Eres-Castellanos, Adriana; Ruiz-Jimenez, Victor Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2019-03286	text	January 2019
In Situ Investigation of the Iron Carbide Precipitation Process in a Fe-C-Mn-Si Q&P Steel Allain, Sebastien Y. P.; Aoued, Samy; Quintin-Poulon, Angéline Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2019-01162	text	January 2018
Effects of Q&P Processing Conditions on Austenite Carbon Enrichment Studied by In Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction Experiments Allain, Sébastien; Geandier, Guillaume; Hell, Jean-Christophe Metals, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070232	journal	June 2017

Similar Records

Revenido de un acero bain?tico nanoestructurado: un an?lisis a nivel at?mico

Conference · Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2008 · OSTI ID:1361375

Caballero, Francesca G.; Miller, Michael K; Mateo, C. Garcia

Cascading phase transformations in high carbon steel resulting in the formation of inverse bainite: An atomic scale investigation

Journal Article · Wed Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Scientific Reports · OSTI ID:1361375

Kannan, Rangasayee; Wang, Yiyu; Poplawsky, Jonathan; +2 more

Three phase crystallography and solute distribution analysis during residual austenite decomposition in tempered nanocrystalline bainitic steels

Journal Article · Sat Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Materials Characterization · OSTI ID:1361375

Caballero, F. G.; Yen, Hung-Wei; Miller, M. K.; +4 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
bainitic steel
nanostructures
carbides
synchrotron radiation
atom probe tomography (APT)

Title: Quantitative assessment of carbon allocation anomalies in low temperature bainite

Citation Formats

References (92)

Cited By (5)

Similar Records

Related Subjects