Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Thin-Film Electrodes as a Platform for Nanomolar Detection of Dopamine

Wester, Niklas; Sainio, Sami; Palomäki, Tommi; Nordlund, Dennis; Singh, Vivek Kumar; Johansson, Leena-Sisko; Koskinen, Jari; Laurila, Tomi

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b13019

Title: Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Thin-Film Electrodes as a Platform for Nanomolar Detection of Dopamine

Journal Article · Thu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b13019· OSTI ID:1361077

Wester, Niklas ^[1]; Sainio, Sami ^[2]; Palomäki, Tommi ^[2]; Nordlund, Dennis ^[3]; Singh, Vivek Kumar ^[1]; Johansson, Leena-Sisko ^[4]; Koskinen, Jari ^[1];

^[2]

Aalto Univ., Otaniemi (Finland). Dept. of Materials Science
Aalto Univ., Otaniemi (Finland). Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Sychrotron Radiation Lightsource
Aalto Univ., Otaniemi (Finland). Dept. of Forest Products Technology

Here, we present for the first time tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C)—a partially reduced graphene oxide (PRGO) hybrid electrode nanomaterial platform for electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DA). Graphene oxide was synthesized with the modified Hummer’s method. Before modification of ta-C by drop casting, partial reduction of the GO was carried out to improve electrochemical properties and adhesion to the ta-C thin film. A facile nitric acid treatment that slightly reoxidized the surface and modified the surface chemistry was subsequently performed to further improve the electrochemical properties of the electrodes. The largest relative increase was seen in carboxyl groups. The HNO₃ treatment increased the sensitivity toward DA and AA and resulted in a cathodic shift in the oxidation of AA. The fabricated hybrid electrodes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, compared to the plain ta-C electrode the hybrid electrode was shown to exhibit superior sensitivity and selectivity toward DA in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), enabling simultaneous sensing of AA and DA close to the physiological concentrations by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Two linear ranges of 0–1 μM and 1–100 μM and a detection limit (S/N = 3.3) of 2.6 nM for DA were determined by means of cyclic voltammetry. Thus, the current work provides a fully CMOS-compatible carbon based hybrid nanomaterial that shows potential for in vivo measurements of DA.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357; 259595; 285015; 285526; 211488

OSTI ID:: 1361077

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Vol. 121, Issue 14; ISSN 1932-7447

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 25 works

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