Coulomb engineering of the bandgap and excitons in two-dimensional materials

Raja, Archana; Chaves, Andrey; Yu, Jaeeun; Arefe, Ghidewon; Hill, Heather M.; Rigosi, Albert F.; Berkelbach, Timothy C.; Nagler, Philipp; Schuller, Christian; Korn, Tobias; Nuckolls, Colin; Hone, James; Brus, Louis E.; Heinz, Tony F.; Reichman, David R.; Chernikov, Alexey

doi:10.1038/ncomms15251

Title: Coulomb engineering of the bandgap and excitons in two-dimensional materials

Journal Article · Thu May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15251· OSTI ID:1360901

Raja, Archana ^[1]; Chaves, Andrey ^[2]; Yu, Jaeeun ^[3]; Arefe, Ghidewon ^[3]; Hill, Heather M. ^[4]; Rigosi, Albert F. ^[4]; Berkelbach, Timothy C. ^[5]; Nagler, Philipp ^[6]; Schuller, Christian ^[6]; Korn, Tobias ^[6];

^[3]; Hone, James ^[3]; Brus, Louis E. ^[3]; Heinz, Tony F. ^[1]; Reichman, David R. ^[3]; Chernikov, Alexey ^[7]

Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Univ. Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza (Brazil)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
Univ. of Regensburg, Regensburg (Germany)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Univ. of Regensburg, Regensburg (Germany)

Here, the ability to control the size of the electronic bandgap is an integral part of solid-state technology. Atomically thin two-dimensional crystals offer a new approach for tuning the energies of the electronic states based on the unusual strength of the Coulomb interaction in these materials and its environmental sensitivity. Here, we show that by engineering the surrounding dielectric environment, one can tune the electronic bandgap and the exciton binding energy in monolayers of WS₂ and WSe₂ by hundreds of meV. We exploit this behaviour to present an in-plane dielectric heterostructure with a spatially dependent bandgap, as an initial step towards the creation of diverse lateral junctions with nanoscale resolution.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab. (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1360901

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 8; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 481 works

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Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of MoS ₂ monolayer in presence of ethanol gas Hosseini, Seyed Ali; Iraji zad, Azam; Berahman, Masoud Materials Research Express, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aab90a	journal	April 2018
Direct observation of giant binding energy modulation of exciton complexes in monolayer $MoS e_{2}$ Gupta, Garima; Kallatt, Sangeeth; Majumdar, Kausik Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.081403	journal	August 2017
Exciton broadening in ${WS}_{2}$ /graphene heterostructures Hill, Heather M.; Rigosi, Albert F.; Raja, Archana Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.205401	journal	November 2017
Important role of screening the electron-hole exchange interaction for the optical properties of molecules near metal surfaces Deilmann, Thorsten; Thygesen, Kristian Sommer Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.99.045133	journal	January 2019
Direct Determination of Band-Gap Renormalization in the Photoexcited Monolayer ${MoS}_{2}$ Liu, Fang; Ziffer, Mark E.; Hansen, Kameron R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.122.246803	journal	June 2019
Engineering of optical and electronic band gaps in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers through external dielectric screening Borghardt, Sven; Tu, Jhih-Sian; Winkler, Florian Physical Review Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.1.054001	journal	October 2017
Highly efficient hot electron harvesting from graphene before electron-hole thermalization Chen, Yuzhong; Li, Yujie; Zhao, Yida Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax9958	journal	November 2019
Nanophotonics with 2D transition metal dichalcogenides [Invited] Krasnok, Alex; Lepeshov, Sergey; Alú, Andrea Optics Express, Vol. 26, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.015972	journal	January 2018
High-efficiency energy transfer in perovskite heterostructures Song, Yiling; Zhang, Cong; Liu, Weiwei Optics Express, Vol. 26, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.018448	journal	January 2018
Modulating Blue Phosphorene by Synergetic Codoping: Indirect to Direct Gap Transition and Strong Bandgap Bowing Tian, Xiaoqing; Duan, Jingyi; Wei, Yadong Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202010893	journal	March 2021
Dynamics of Free and Localized Excitons in Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Ayari, Sabrine; Jaziri, Sihem physica status solidi (b), Vol. 256, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201800682	journal	February 2019
Charge‐Accumulation Effect in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterobilayers Ye, Tong; Li, Junze; Li, Dehui Small, Vol. 15, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201902424	journal	August 2019
Resonant optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2 Cunningham, Paul D.; Hanbicki, Aubrey T.; Reinecke, Thomas L. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13501-x	journal	December 2019
Ultra-thin van der Waals crystals as semiconductor quantum wells Zultak, Johanna; Magorrian, Samuel J.; Koperski, Maciej Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13893-w	journal	January 2020
Exciton Relaxation Cascade in two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Brem, Samuel; Selig, Malte; Berghaeuser, Gunnar Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25906-7	journal	May 2018
Demonstration of the key substrate-dependent charge transfer mechanisms between monolayer MoS2 and molecular dopants Park, Soohyung; Schultz, Thorsten; Xu, Xiaomin Communications Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-019-0212-y	journal	September 2019
Restoring the intrinsic optical properties of CVD-grown MoS ₂ monolayers and their heterostructures Kojima, Kana; Lim, Hong En; Liu, Zheng Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr01481k	journal	January 2019
Theoretical investigation of the vertical dielectric screening dependence on defects for few-layered van der Waals materials Singh, Amit; Lee, Seunghan; Bae, Hyeonhu RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 69 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07700f	journal	January 2019
Impact of photodoping on inter- and intralayer exciton emission in a MoS ₂ /MoSe ₂ /MoS ₂ heterostructure Zhang, Nan; Surrente, Alessandro; Baranowski, Michal Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5043098	journal	August 2018
Charged excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: Semiclassical calculation of Berry curvature effects Hichri, A.; Jaziri, S.; Goerbig, M. O. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.115426	journal	September 2019
Exciton routing in the heterostructure of a transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer on a paraelectric substrate Shahnazaryan, V.; Kyriienko, O.; Rostami, H. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.165303	journal	October 2019
Noninvasive control of excitons in two-dimensional materials Steinke, C.; Mourad, D.; Rösner, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.045431	journal	July 2017
Radiative lifetime of localized excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenides Ayari, Sabrine; Smiri, Adlen; Hichri, Aida Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.205430	journal	November 2018
Rigid Band Shifts in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors through External Dielectric Screening Waldecker, Lutz; Raja, Archana; Rösner, Malte Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.206403	journal	November 2019
Photocarrier generation from interlayer charge-transfer transitions in WS ₂ -graphene heterostructures Yuan, Long; Chung, Ting-Fung; Kuc, Agnieszka Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700324	journal	February 2018
Giant gate-tunable bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a 2D semiconductor Qiu, Zhizhan; Trushin, Maxim; Fang, Hanyan Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw2347	journal	July 2019
Momentum-space indirect interlayer excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenide van der Waals heterostructures Kunstmann, Jens; Mooshammer, Fabian; Nagler, Philipp Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.37985	text	January 2018
Exciton broadening in WS2 /graphene heterostructures Hill, Heather M.; Rigosi, Albert F.; Raja, Archana Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.40515	text	January 2017
Reliable Synthesis of Large-Area Monolayer WS ₂ Single Crystals, Films, and Heterostructures with Extraordinary Photoluminescence Induced by Water Intercalation Zhang, Qianhui; Lu, Jianfeng; Wang, Ziyu Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201701347	journal	March 2018
Facile synthesis of thin black TiO2 − x nanosheets with enhanced lithium-storage capacity and visible light photocatalytic hydrogen production Sun, Lin; Xie, Jie; Li, Qi Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-04180-7	journal	January 2019
Visualizing electrostatic gating effects in two-dimensional heterostructures Nguyen, Paul V.; Teutsch, Natalie C.; Wilson, Nathan P. Nature, Vol. 572, Issue 7768 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1402-1	journal	July 2019
Polariton hyperspectral imaging of two-dimensional semiconductor crystals Gebhardt, Christian; Förg, Michael; Yamaguchi, Hisato Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50316-8	journal	September 2019
Magneto-spectroscopy of exciton Rydberg states in a CVD grown WSe ₂ monolayer Delhomme, A.; Butseraen, G.; Zheng, B. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5095573	journal	June 2019
Probing interlayer excitons in a vertical van der Waals p-n junction using a scanning probe microscopy technique Rahaman, Mahfujur; Wagner, Christian; Mukherjee, Ashutosh Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 31, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aafd12	journal	January 2019
Comparative study of the exciton binding energies of thin and ultrathin organic-inorganic perovskites due to dielectric mismatch effects Zahra, Haitham; Hichri, Aïda; Jaziri, Sihem Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4989838	journal	July 2017
Polariton hyperspectral imaging of two-dimensional semiconductor crystals Gebhardt, Christian; Förg, Michael; Yamaguchi, Hisato Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000098461	text	January 2019
Experimental observation of a negative grey trion in an electron-rich WSe 2 monolayer Tu, Jhih-Sian; Borghardt, Sven; Grützmacher, Detlev RWTH Aachen University https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2020-04434	text	January 2019
Dynamical screening in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides and its manifestations in the exciton spectrum Scharf, Benedikt; Van Tuan, Dinh; Žutić, Igor arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.06217	text	January 2018
Singlet and triplet trions in WS$_2$ monolayer encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride Vaclavkova, D.; Wyzula, J.; Nogajewski, K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.05538	text	January 2018
Momentum-space indirect interlayer excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide van der Waals heterostructures Kunstmann, Jens; Mooshammer, Fabian; Nagler, Philipp arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.04936	text	January 2018
Radiative lifetime of localized excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides Ayari, Sabrine; Smiri, Adlen; Hichri, Aida arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.05140	text	January 2018
Two-dimensional semiconductors in the regime of strong light-matter coupling Schneider, Christian; Glazov, Mikhail M.; Korn, Tobias arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.06771	text	January 2018
Charged exctions in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides - semiclassical calculation of Berry-curvature effects Hichri, A.; Jaziri, S.; Goerbig, M. O. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.10838	text	January 2018
Imaging microscopic electronic contrasts at the interface of single-layer WS$_2$ with oxide and boron nitride substrates Ulstrup, Søren; Koch, Roland J.; Schwarz, Daniel arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.10400	text	January 2019
Intrinsic Lifetime of Higher Excitonic States in Tungsten Diselenide Monolayers Brem, Samuel; Zipfel, Jonas; Selig, Malte arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.04729	text	January 2019
Gate-tunable flat bands in van der Waals patterned dielectric superlattices Shi, Li-kun; Ma, Jing; Song, Justin C. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.07877	text	January 2019
Dependence of the magnetic interactions in MoS$_2$ monolayer on Mn-doping configurations Smiri, Adlen; Gerber, Iann; Lounis, Samir arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.12905	text	January 2019
Morphology Control of Epitaxial Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Rajan, Akhil; Underwood, Kaycee; Mazzola, Federico arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.03307	text	January 2019
Ultra-thin van der Waals crystals as semiconductor quantum wells Zultak, Johanna; Magorrian, Samuel; Koperski, Maciej arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.04215	text	January 2019
The impact of hexagonal boron nitride encapsulation on the structural and vibrational properties of few layer black phosphorus Birowska, Magdalena; Urban, Joanna; Baranowski, Michał arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2002.10180	text	January 2020
Colloquium : Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides Wang, Gang; Chernikov, Alexey; Glazov, Mikhail M. Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.40518	text	January 2018

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