Comparative evaluation of cast aluminum alloys for automotive cylinder heads: Part II: Mechanical and thermal properties

Roy, Shibayan; Allard, Jr, Lawrence Frederick; Rodriguez, Andres; Porter, Wallace D.; Shyam, Amit

doi:10.1007/s11661-017-3986-0

Comparative evaluation of cast aluminum alloys for automotive cylinder heads: Part II: Mechanical and thermal properties

Journal Article · Tue Mar 07 23:00:00 EST 2017 · Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-3986-0· OSTI ID:1360031

Roy, Shibayan ^[1]; Allard, Jr, Lawrence Frederick ^[2]; Rodriguez, Andres ^[3]; Porter, Wallace D. ^[2]; Shyam, Amit ^[2]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Indian Inst. of Technology (IIT),Kharagpur (India)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Nemak, Garza Garcia, N.L. (Mexico)

The first part of this study documented the as-aged microstructure of five cast aluminum alloys namely, 206, 319, 356, A356, and A356+0.5Cu, that are used for manufacturing automotive cylinder heads (Roy et al. in Metall Mater Trans A, 2016). In the present part, we report the mechanical response of these alloys after they have been subjected to various levels of thermal exposure. In addition, the thermophysical properties of these alloys are also reported over a wide temperature range. The hardness variation due to extended thermal exposure is related to the evolution of the nano-scale strengthening precipitates for different alloy systems (Al-Cu, Al-Si-Cu, and Al-Si). The effect of strengthening precipitates (size and number density) on the mechanical response is most obvious in the as-aged condition, which is quantitatively demonstrated by implementing a strength model. Significant coarsening of precipitates from long-term heat treatment removes the strengthening efficiency of the nano-scale precipitates for all these alloys systems. Thermal conductivity of the alloys evolve in an inverse manner with precipitate coarsening compared to the strength, and the implications of the same for the durability of cylinder heads are noted.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1360031

Journal Information:: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, Journal Name: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 48; ISSN 1073-5623

Publisher:: ASM InternationalCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (84)

The Orientation and Shape of θ Precipitates Formed in an AlCu Alloy Vaughan, D.; Silcock, J. M. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 20, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.19670200235	journal	January 1967
Precipitation hardening Ardell, A. J. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 16, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670416	journal	December 1985
The effect of trace additions of sn on precipitation in Al-Cu alloys: An atom probe field ion microscopy study Ringer, S. P.; Hono, K.; Sakurai, T. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 26, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02671236	journal	September 1995
Precipitation hardening of aluminum alloys Fine, Morris E. Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02672283	journal	April 1975
Precipitation-hardening in cast AL–Si–Cu–Mg alloys Tavitas-Medrano, F. J.; Mohamed, A. M. A.; Gruzleski, J. E. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 45, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3978-6	journal	February 2010
The effect of Cu additions on the precipitation kinetics in an Al-Mg-Si alloy with excess Si Murayama, M.; Hono, K.; Miao, W. F. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 32, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-0254-z	journal	February 2001
Strengthening mechanisms in solid solution aluminum alloys Ryen, Øyvind; Holmedal, Bjørn; Nijs, Oscar Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 37, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0142-7	journal	June 2006
Modeling the age-hardening behavior of Al-Si-Cu alloys Weakley-Bollin, S. C.; Donlon, W.; Donlon, W. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 35, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0221-9	journal	August 2004
Studies on the Work-Hardening Behavior of AA2219 under Different Aging Treatments Sharma, V. M. J.; Sree Kumar, K.; Nageswara Rao, B. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 40, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-0062-4	journal	October 2009
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Treated B319 Alloy Diesel Cylinder Heads Chaudhury, S. K.; Apelian, D.; Meyer, P. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 46, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-2837-0	journal	March 2015
Improving High-Temperature Tensile and Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloys Through Micro-additions of Ti, V, and Zr Shaha, S. K.; Czerwinski, F.; Kasprzak, W. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 46, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-2880-x	journal	April 2015
Effect of Cr, Ti, V, and Zr Micro-additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloy Shaha, S. K.; Czerwinski, F.; Kasprzak, W. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 47, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3365-2	journal	February 2016
Comparative Evaluation of Cast Aluminum Alloys for Automotive Cylinder Heads: Part I—Microstructure Evolution Roy, Shibayan; Allard, Lawrence F.; Rodriguez, Andres Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-3985-1	journal	March 2017
High-resolution electron microscopy on the structure of Guinier-Preston zones in an Al-1.6 mass Pct Mg2Si alloy Matsuda, K.; Ikeno, S.; Gamada, H. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 29, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0242-7	journal	April 1998
The effect of Mg on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al-Si-Mg casting alloys Caceres, C. H.; Davidson, C. J.; Griffiths, J. R. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 30, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0301-8	journal	October 1999
Effects of Iron-Rich Intermetallics on Tensile Deformation of Al-Cu 206 Cast Alloys Liu, K.; Cao, X.; Chen, X. -G. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0294-1	journal	January 2015
Correlating Hardness Retention and Phase Transformations of Al and Mg Cast Alloys for Aerospace Applications Kasprzak, W.; Czerwinski, F.; Niewczas, M. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1392-6	journal	January 2015
Influence of Lanthanum on Solidification, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Eutectic Al-Si Piston Alloy Ahmad, R.; Asmael, M. B. A. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 25, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2139-8	journal	May 2016
Effects of La addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloys Lu, Tao; Pan, Ye; Wu, Ji-li International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-015-1086-y	journal	April 2015
Mechanisms of formation of θ and dissolution of θ′ precipitates in an Al-4% Cu alloy Laird, C.; Aaronson, H. I. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(66)90298-7	journal	February 1966
The coarsening behaviour of θ″ and θ′ precipitates in two Al-Cu alloys Boyd, J. D.; Nicholson, R. B. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 19, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(71)90076-9	journal	December 1971
Coarsening of θ′ plates in al-cu alloys—I. experimental determination of mechanisms Merle, P.; Fouquet, F. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 29, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(81)90029-8	journal	December 1981
Precipitation effects on thermopower in Al-Cu alloys Pelletier, J. M.; Vigier, G.; Merlin, J. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 32, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(84)90010-5	journal	July 1984
A new method for the determination of the precipitate-matrix interfacial energy Baumann, S. F.; Williams, D. B. Scripta Metallurgica, Vol. 18, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(84)90351-X	journal	June 1984
Contamination formed around a very narrow electron beam Knox, Warren A. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 1, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(76)90031-0	journal	January 1976
Precipitation hardening in Al–Mg–Si alloys with and without excess Si Gupta, A. K.; Lloyd, D. J.; Court, S. A. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 316, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01247-3	journal	November 2001
An age hardening model for Al–7Si–Mg casting alloys Rometsch, P. A.; Schaffer, G. B. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 325, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01479-4	journal	February 2002
Modeling the strengthening response to aging process of heat-treatable aluminum alloys containing plate/disc- or rod/needle-shaped precipitates Liu, G.; Zhang, G. J.; Ding, X. D. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 344, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00398-2	journal	March 2003
Influence of aging parameters on the mechanical properties of 6063 aluminium alloy Siddiqui, Rafiq A.; Abdullah, Hussein A.; Al-Belushi, Khamis R. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 102, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(99)00476-8	journal	May 2000
A TEM study of precipitation in Al–Mg–Si alloys Yao, J. Y.; Graham, D. A.; Rinderer, B. Micron, Vol. 32, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-4328(00)00095-0	journal	January 2001
Precipitation strengthening of stress-aged Al–xCu alloys Zhu, A. W.; Chen, J.; Starke, E. A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 48, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00026-4	journal	May 2000
Modelling of the age hardening behaviour of Al–Mg–Si alloys Myhr, O. Acta Materialia, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00301-3	journal	January 2001
Precipitation strengthening at ambient and elevated temperatures of heat-treatable Al(Sc) alloys [Acta Materialia 50(16), pp. 4021–4035] Marquis, Emmanuelle A.; Seidman, David N.; Dunand, David C. Acta Materialia, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00496-2	journal	January 2003
Modeling of precipitation hardening for the naturally aged Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy AA6111 Esmaeili, S.; Lloyd, D. J.; Poole, W. J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 51, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00167-8	journal	July 2003
Transmission electron microscopy study of the evolution of precipitates in aged Al–Li–Cu alloys: the θ′ and T1 phases Yoshimura, Ritsuko; Konno, Toyohiko J.; Abe, Eiji Acta Materialia, Vol. 51, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00253-2	journal	August 2003
Mechanical properties of Al(Sc,Zr) alloys at ambient and elevated temperatures Fuller, Christian B.; Seidman, David N.; Dunand, David C. Acta Materialia, Vol. 51, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00320-3	journal	September 2003
The precipitation sequence in Al–Mg–Si alloys Edwards, G. A.; Stiller, K.; Dunlop, G. L. Acta Materialia, Vol. 46, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00059-7	journal	July 1998
Pre-precipitate clusters and precipitation processes in Al–Mg–Si alloys Murayama, M.; Hono, K. Acta Materialia, Vol. 47, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00033-6	journal	March 1999
Computer experiment on superposition of strengthening effects of different particles Zhu, A. W.; Csontos, A.; Starke, E. A. Acta Materialia, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00077-4	journal	April 1999
Multiscale modeling of θ′ precipitation in Al–Cu binary alloys Vaithyanathan, V.; Wolverton, C.; Chen, L. Q. Acta Materialia, Vol. 52, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2004.03.001	journal	June 2004
Modelling of the microstructure and strength evolution in Al–Mg–Si alloys during multistage thermal processing Myhr, O. R.; Grong, Ø.; Fjær, H. G. Acta Materialia, Vol. 52, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2004.07.002	journal	October 2004
Atomistic calculations of interfacial energies, nucleus shape and size of θ′ precipitates in Al–Cu alloys Hu, S.; Baskes, M.; Stan, M. Acta Materialia, Vol. 54, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.010	journal	October 2006
Precipitation evolution in Al–Zr and Al–Zr–Ti alloys during isothermal aging at 375–425°C Knipling, Keith E.; Dunand, David C.; Seidman, David N. Acta Materialia, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.004	journal	January 2008
Precipitation evolution in Al–Zr and Al–Zr–Ti alloys during aging at 450–600°C Knipling, K. Acta Materialia, Vol. 56, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.11.011	journal	April 2008
Strengthening of an Al–Cu–Sn alloy by deformation-resistant precipitate plates Nie, J. F.; Muddle, B. C. Acta Materialia, Vol. 56, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.028	journal	August 2008
On the strengthening response of aluminum alloys containing shear-resistant plate-shaped precipitates da Costa Teixeira, J.; Cram, D. G.; Bourgeois, L. Acta Materialia, Vol. 56, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.08.023	journal	December 2008
The effect of shear-resistant, plate-shaped precipitates on the work hardening of Al alloys: Towards a prediction of the strength–elongation correlation da Costa Teixeira, J.; Bourgeois, L.; Sinclair, C. W. Acta Materialia, Vol. 57, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.08.034	journal	December 2009
Precipitates in Al–Cu alloys revisited: Atom-probe tomographic experiments and first-principles calculations of compositional evolution and interfacial segregation Biswas, Aniruddha; Siegel, Donald J.; Wolverton, C. Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.06.036	journal	September 2011
Nanostructuration via solid state transformation as a strategy for improving the thermoelectric efficiency of PbTe alloys Gorsse, S.; Bellanger, P.; Brechet, Y. Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.07.049	journal	November 2011
Coarsening resistance at 400°C of precipitation-strengthened Al–Zr–Sc–Er alloys Booth-Morrison, Christopher; Dunand, David C.; Seidman, David N. Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.07.057	journal	October 2011
Structure and energetics of the coherent interface between the θ′ precipitate phase and aluminium in Al–Cu Bourgeois, Laure; Dwyer, Christian; Weyland, Matthew Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.07.059	journal	October 2011
The magic thicknesses of θ′ precipitates in Sn-microalloyed Al–Cu Bourgeois, Laure; Dwyer, Christian; Weyland, Matthew Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.10.015	journal	January 2012
Atomistic investigation of clustering phenomenon in the Al–Cu system: Three-dimensional phase-field crystal simulation and HRTEM/HRSTEM characterization Fallah, Vahid; Korinek, Andreas; Ofori-Opoku, Nana Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.07.015	journal	October 2013
Cluster evolution mechanisms during aging in Al–Mg–Si alloys Fallah, Vahid; Langelier, Brian; Ofori-Opoku, Nana Acta Materialia, Vol. 103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.09.027	journal	January 2016
Effects of Sr content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Al–12Si–4Cu–2Ni–0.8Mg alloys Sui, Yudong; Wang, Qudong; Wang, Guangliang Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 622 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.10.148	journal	February 2015
Influence of Gd content on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Al–12Si–4Cu–2Ni–0.8Mg alloys Sui, Yudong; Wang, Qudong; Liu, Teng Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 644 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.04.164	journal	September 2015
The influence of Cu addition and pre-straining on the natural aging and bake hardening response of Al-Mg-Si alloys Ding, Lipeng; Jia, Zhihong; Liu, Yingying Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 688 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.07.066	journal	December 2016
The heat treatment of Al–Si–Cu–Mg casting alloys Sjölander, Emma; Seifeddine, Salem Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 210, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.03.020	journal	July 2010
TEM study of β′ precipitate interaction mechanisms with dislocations and β′ interfaces with the aluminium matrix in Al–Mg–Si alloys Teichmann, Katharina; Marioara, Calin D.; Andersen, Sigmund J. Materials Characterization, Vol. 75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2012.10.003	journal	January 2013
Thermal properties and thermal shock resistance of liquid phase sintered ZrC–Mo cermets Landwehr, Sean E.; Hilmas, Gregory E.; Fahrenholtz, William G. Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 115, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.02.012	journal	June 2009
Effects of multiple-step thermal ageing treatment on the hardness characteristics of A356.0-type Al–Si–Mg alloy Abdulwahab, M.; Madugu, I. A.; Yaro, S. A. Materials & Design, Vol. 32, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.10.028	journal	March 2011
Microstructures and mechanical properties of squeeze cast Al–5.0Cu–0.6Mn alloys with different Fe content Zhang, WeiWen; Lin, Bo; Zhang, DaTong Materials & Design (1980-2015), Vol. 52 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.079	journal	December 2013
Effect of heat treatment and Fe content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast Al–Si–Cu alloys Yang, Hailin; Ji, Shouxun; Fan, Zhongyun Materials & Design, Vol. 85 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.074	journal	November 2015
On the impact toughness of Al–Si cast alloys Abuhasel, Kh. A.; Ibrahim, M. F.; Elgallad, E. M. Materials & Design, Vol. 91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.11.072	journal	February 2016
Hardness control of Al–Si HPDC casting alloy via microstructure refinement and tempering parameters Kasprzak, Wojciech; Kurita, Hirotaka; Birsan, Gabriel Materials & Design, Vol. 103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.093	journal	August 2016
Age-hardening behavior of cast Al–Si base alloy Li, R. X.; Li, R. D.; Zhao, Y. H. Materials Letters, Vol. 58, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2003.12.027	journal	June 2004
Modeling the hardness and yield strength evolutions of aluminum alloy with rod/needle-shaped precipitates Song, Min Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 443, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.08.025	journal	January 2007
The superposition of strengthening contributions in engineering alloys de Vaucorbeil, A.; Poole, W. J.; Sinclair, C. W. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 582 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.06.032	journal	October 2013
Effect of Mg level on the microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast Al–Si–Cu alloys Yang, Hailin; Ji, Shouxun; Yang, Wenchao Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 642 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.07.008	journal	August 2015
Effect of chemical compositions on tensile behaviors of high pressure die-casting alloys Al-10Si-yCu-xMn-zFe Zhang, Peng; Li, Zhenming; Liu, Baoliang Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 661 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.032	journal	April 2016
Effect of trace yttrium addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of recycled Al–7Si–0.3Mg–1.0Fe casting alloys Wan, Bingbing; Chen, Weiping; Liu, Lusheng Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 666 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.036	journal	June 2016
The microstructure and precipitation kinetics of a cast aluminium alloy Ovono, D. Ovono; Guillot, I.; Massinon, D. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.03.065	journal	August 2006
HREM, FIM and tomographic atom probe investigation of Guinier–Preston zones in an Al–1.54at% Cu alloy Karlı́k, M.; Bigot, A.; Jouffrey, B. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 98, Issue 2-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2003.08.015	journal	January 2004
Effects of morphology on the thermoelectric properties of Al-doped ZnO Han, Li; Van Nong, Ngo; Zhang, Wei RSC Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra47617k	journal	January 2014
First-principles prediction of equilibrium precipitate shapes in Al-Cu alloys Wolverton, C. Philosophical Magazine Letters, Vol. 79, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1080/095008399176724	journal	September 1999
Electron diffraction contrast from ledges at the interfaces of faceted θ′ precipitates Weatherly, G. C.; Sargent, C. M. Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 22, Issue 179 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786437008221074	journal	November 1970
An attempt to estimate the degree of precipitation hardening, with a simple model Mott, N. F.; Nabarro, F. R. N. Proceedings of the Physical Society, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0959-5309/52/1/312	journal	January 1940
Effect of Point Imperfections on Lattice Thermal Conductivity Callaway, Joseph; von Baeyer, Hans C. Physical Review, Vol. 120, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.120.1149	journal	November 1960
Entropically Favored Ordering: The Metallurgy of Al 2 Cu Revisited Wolverton, C.; Ozoliņš, V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5518	journal	June 2001
Precipitation hardening in metals Gladman, T. Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1179/026708399773002782	journal	January 1999
Influence of silicon content and heat treatment parameters on mechanical properties of cast Al–Si–Mg alloys Dwivedi, D. K.; Sharma, R.; Kumar, A. International Journal of Cast Metals Research, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1179/136404606X153867	journal	October 2006
Natural and artificial aging response of semisolid metal processed Al–Si–Mg alloy A356 Möller, H.; Govender, G.; Stumpf, W. E. International Journal of Cast Metals Research, Vol. 20, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1179/136404608X286156	journal	December 2007
Precipitates and intermetallic phases in precipitation hardening Al–Cu–Mg–(Li) based alloys Wang, S. C.; Starink, M. J. International Materials Reviews, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1179/174328005X14357	journal	August 2005
Microstructural design of high-strength aluminum alloys Nie, J. F.; Muddle, B. C. Journal of Phase Equilibria, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770341734	journal	December 1998

Cited By (4)

Machine Learning for Thermal Transport Analysis of Aluminum Alloys with Precipitate Morphology Wang, Jiaqi; Yousefzadi Nobakht, Ali; Blanks, James Dean Advanced Theory and Simulations, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/adts.201800196	journal	January 2019
Comparative Evaluation of Cast Aluminum Alloys for Automotive Cylinder Heads: Part I—Microstructure Evolution Roy, Shibayan; Allard, Lawrence F.; Rodriguez, Andres Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-3985-1	journal	March 2017
Microstructure and Impression Creep Behavior of Al–7Si–0.3Mg Alloy with Zr Addition Reihanian, M.; Ranjbar, Khalil; Rashno, S. Metals and Materials International https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00628-6	journal	February 2020
Impression creep characterization of cast Al–7Si–0.3Mg alloy Rashno, S.; Ranjbar, Khalil; Reihanian, M. Materials Research Express, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab251b	journal	June 2019

Similar Records

Comparative evaluation of cast aluminum alloys for automotive cylinder heads: Part I Microstructure evolution

Journal Article · Sun Mar 05 23:00:00 EST 2017 · Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science · OSTI ID:1360030

Lattice mismatch modeling of aluminum alloys

Journal Article · Sun Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Computational Materials Science · OSTI ID:1409563

The role of Si in determining the stability of the θ; precipitate in Al-Cu-Mn-Zr alloys

Journal Article · Wed May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · OSTI ID:1813264

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Comparative evaluation of cast aluminum alloys for automotive cylinder heads: Part II: Mechanical and thermal properties

Citation Formats

References (84)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects