The Green Ocean Amazon Experiment (GoAmazon2014/5) Observes Pollution Affecting Gases, Aerosols, Clouds, and Rainfall over the Rain Forest

Journal Article · Mon May 01 04:00:00 EDT 2017 · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00221.1· OSTI ID:1358490

Martin, S. T. ^[1]; Artaxo, P. ^[2]; Machado, L. ^[3]; Manzi, A. O. ^[4]; Souza, R. A. F. ^[5]; Schumacher, C. ^[6]; Wang, J. ^[7]; Biscaro, T. ^[3]; Brito, J. ^[2]; Calheiros, A. ^[3]; Jardine, K. ^[8]; Medeiros, A. ^[5]; Portela, B. ^[4]; de Sá, S. S. ^[1]; Adachi, K. ^[9]; Aiken, A. C. ^[10]; Albrecht, R. ^[2]; Alexander, L. ^[11]; Andreae, M. O. ^[12]; Barbosa, H. M. J. ^[2] ; Buseck, P. ^[13]; Chand, D. ^[11]; Comstock, J. M. ^[11]; Day, D. A. ^[14]; Dubey, M. ^[10]; Fan, J. ^[11]; Fast, J. ^[11]; Fisch, G. ^[15]; Fortner, E. ^[16]; Giangrande, S. ^[7]; Gilles, M. ^[8]; Goldstein, A. H. ^[17]; Guenther, A. ^[18]; Hubbe, J. ^[11]; Jensen, M. ^[7]; Jimenez, J. L. ^[14]; Keutsch, F. N. ^[1]; Kim, S. ^[18]; Kuang, C. ^[7]; Laskin, A. ^[11]; McKinney, K. ^[1]; Mei, F. ^[11]; Miller, M. ^[19]; Nascimento, R. ^[5]; Pauliquevis, T. ^[20]; Pekour, M. ^[11]; Peres, J. ^[2]; Petäjä, T. ^[21]; Pöhlker, C. ^[12]; Pöschl, U. ^[12]; Rizzo, L. ^[20]; Schmid, B. ^[11]; Shilling, J. E. ^[11]; Dias, M. A. Silva ^[2]; Smith, J. N. ^[18]; Tomlinson, J. M. ^[11]; Tóta, J. ^[22]; Wendisch, M. ^[23]

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1. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
2. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
3. National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
4. National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
5. Amazonas State University, Amazonas, Brazil
6. Texas A&,M University, College Station, Texas
7. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
8. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California
9. Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
10. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
11. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
12. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
13. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
14. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
15. Aeronautic and Space Institute, São José dos Campos, Brazil
16. Aerodyne, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
17. University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
18. University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
19. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
20. Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
21. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
22. Federal University of West Para, Santarém, Pará, Brazil
23. University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

The Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) experiment took place around the urban region of Manaus in central Amazonia across two years. The urban pollution plume was used to study the susceptibility of gases, aerosols, clouds, and rainfall to human activities in a tropical environment. Many aspects of air quality, weather, terrestrial ecosystems, and climate work differently in the tropics than in the more thoroughly studied USA, employed an unparalleled suite of measurements at nine ground sites and onboard two aircraft to investigate the flow of background air into Manaus, the emissions into the air over the city, and the advection of the pollution downwind of the city. Herein, to visualize this train of processes and its effects, observations aboard a low-flying aircraft are presented. Comparative measurements within and adjacent to the plume followed the emissions of biogenic volatile organic carbon compounds (BVOCs) from the tropical forest, their transformations by the atmospheric oxidant cycle, alterations of this cycle by the influence of the pollutants, transformations of the chemical products into aerosol particles, the relationship of these particles to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity, and the differences in cloud properties and rainfall for background compared to polluted conditions. The observations of the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment illustrate how the hydrologic cycle, radiation balance, and carbon recycling may be affected by present-day as well as future economic development and pollution over the Amazonian tropical forest.

• Research Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (US)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-76RL01830
• OSTI ID: 1358490
• Report Number(s): PNNL-SA-121695; 830403000
• Journal Information: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Journal Name: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 98; ISSN 0003-0007
• Publisher: American Meteorological Society
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English