Extrinsic ion migration in perovskite solar cells

Li, Zhen; Xiao, Chuanxiao; Yang, Ye; Harvey, Steven P.; Kim, Dong Hoe; Christians, Jeffrey A.; Yang, Mengjin; Schulz, Philip; Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.; Jiang, Chun -Sheng; Luther, Joseph M.; Berry, Joseph J.; Beard, Matthew C.; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.; Zhu, Kai

doi:10.1039/C7EE00358G

Title: Extrinsic ion migration in perovskite solar cells

Journal Article · Mon Apr 10 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE00358G· OSTI ID:1358336

^[1]; Xiao, Chuanxiao ^[2]; Yang, Ye ^[1]; Harvey, Steven P. ^[1]; Kim, Dong Hoe ^[1];

^[1]; Yang, Mengjin ^[1]; Schulz, Philip ^[1]; Nanayakkara, Sanjini U. ^[1]; Jiang, Chun -Sheng ^[1];

^[1]; Berry, Joseph J. ^[1];

^[1]; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M. ^[1];

^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)

In this study, the migration of intrinsic ions (e.g., MA⁺, Pb²⁺, I^–) in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites has received significant attention with respect to the critical roles of these ions in the hysteresis and degradation in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we demonstrate that extrinsic ions (e.g., Li⁺, H⁺, Na⁺), when used in the contact layers in PSCs, can migrate across the perovskite layer and strongly impact PSC operation. In a TiO₂/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD-based PSC, Li⁺-ion migration from spiro-OMeTAD to the perovskite and TiO₂ layer is illustrated by time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. The movement of Li⁺ ions in PSCs plays an important role in modulating the solar cell performance, tuning TiO₂ carrier-extraction properties, and affecting hysteresis in PSCs. The influence of Li⁺-ion migration was investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and external quantum efficiency spectra. Other extrinsic ions such as H⁺ and Na⁺ also show a clear impact on the performance and hysteresis in PSCs. Understanding the impacts of extrinsic ions in perovskite-based devices could lead to new material and device designs to further advance perovskite technology for various applications.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); SunShot Initiative

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1358336

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-67697; EESNBY

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 5; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 374 works

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Spontaneous enhancement of the stable power conversion efficiency in perovskite solar cells Moghadamzadeh, Somayeh; Hossain, Ihteaz M.; Jakoby, Marius Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta09584e	journal	January 2020
The two faces of capacitance: New interpretations for electrical impedance measurements of perovskite solar cells and their relation to hysteresis Jacobs, Daniel A.; Shen, Heping; Pfeffer, Florian Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5063259	journal	December 2018
Research progress on organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials and solar cells Ono, Luis K.; Qi, Yabing Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aaa727	journal	February 2018
Combination of high and low temperature carbon pastes to fabricate counter electrode of perovskite solar cell Foroudi, Mohsen; Mashreghi, Ali; Maleki, Kiamehr Materials Research Express, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab1541	journal	April 2019
Charge extraction via graded doping of hole transport layers gives highly luminescent and stable metal halide perovskite devices Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba; Ibrahim Dar, M.; Senanayak, Satyaprasad P. Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav2012	journal	February 2019
Highly stable hybrid perovskite light-emitting diodes based on Dion-Jacobson structure Shang, Yuequn; Liao, Yuan; Wei, Qi Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw8072	journal	August 2019
One-dimensional modeling for optoelectrical simulation of a mesoporous perovskite solar cell Haidari, Gholamhosain Applied Optics, Vol. 58, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.007006	journal	January 2019
Molecular Doping for Hole Transporting Materials in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Trifiletti, Vanira; Degousée, Thibault; Manfredi, Norberto Metals, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/met10010014	journal	December 2019
In Situ Growth of 2D Perovskite Capping Layer for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Chen, Peng; Bai, Yang; Wang, Songcan Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201706923	journal	February 2018
A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability Wang, Rui; Mujahid, Muhammad; Duan, Yu Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201808843	journal	February 2019
Interstitial Occupancy by Extrinsic Alkali Cations in Perovskites and Its Impact on Ion Migration Cao, Jie; Tao, Shu Xia; Bobbert, Peter A. Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201707350	journal	May 2018
Recent Advances in Energetics and Stability of Metal Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronic Applications Yang, Jian-Ming; Luo, Yuxin; Bao, Qinye Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201801351	journal	December 2018
The Role of the Interfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells Shao, Shuyan; Loi, Maria Antonietta Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901469	journal	November 2019
Efficient Mixed‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells by All‐Vacuum Sequential Deposition Using Metal Oxide Electron Transport Layer Kam, Matthew; Zhu, Yiyi; Zhang, Daquan Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900050	journal	May 2019
Solution‐Processed 2D Nb ₂ O ₅ (001) Nanosheets for Inverted CsPbI ₂ Br Perovskite Solar Cells: Interfacial and Diffusion Engineering Han, Dongwei; Xin, Yu; Yuan, Quan Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900091	journal	May 2019
Bias‐Dependent Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Studied Using Natural and Concentrated Sunlight K. M., Anoop; Khenkin, Mark V.; Di Giacomo, Francesco Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900335	journal	August 2019
One-step implementation of plasmon enhancement and solvent annealing effects for air-processed high-efficiency perovskite solar cells Guo, Yan; He, Xiong; Liu, Xin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06970k	journal	January 2018
Promising ITO-free perovskite solar cells with WO ₃ –Ag–SnO ₂ as transparent conductive oxide Liang, Fengxia; Lin, Yi; He, Zhenfei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08287a	journal	January 2018
Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo; Saliba, Michael; Buonassisi, Tonio Science, Vol. 358, Issue 6364 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam6323	journal	November 2017
Imperfections and their passivation in halide perovskite solar cells J., Huang,; B., Chen,; P. N., Rudd, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries https://doi.org/10.17615/kzq8-3k31	text	January 2019
Charge extraction via graded doping of hole transport layers gives highly luminescent and stable metal halide perovskite devices. Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba; Ibrahim Dar, M.; Senanayak, Satyaprasad Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.34507	text	January 2019
Spontaneous Enhancement of the Stable Power Conversion Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells Moghadamzadeh, Somayeh; Hossain, Ihteaz; Jakoby, Marius Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000100545	text	January 2019

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