Energetic particles in spherical tokamak plasmas

McClements, K. G.; Fredrickson, E. D.

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/aa626e

Title: Energetic particles in spherical tokamak plasmas

Journal Article · Tue Mar 21 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa626e· OSTI ID:1358041

McClements, K. G. ^[1]; Fredrickson, E. D. ^[2]

Culham Science Centre, Abingdon (United Kingdom). Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE)
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Spherical tokamaks (STs) typically have lower magnetic fields than conventional tokamaks, but similar mass densities. Suprathermal ions with relatively modest energies, in particular beam-injected ions, consequently have speeds close to or exceeding the Alfvén velocity, and can therefore excite a range of Alfvénic instabilities which could be driven by (and affect the behaviour of) fusion α-particles in a burning plasma. STs heated with neutral beams, including the small tight aspect ratio tokamak (START), the mega amp spherical tokamak (MAST), the national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) and Globus-M, have thus provided an opportunity to study toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs), together with higher frequency global Alfvén eigenmodes (GAEs) and compressional Alfvén eigenmodes (CAEs), which could affect beam current drive and channel fast ion energy into bulk ions in future devices. In NSTX GAEs were correlated with a degradation of core electron energy confinement. In MAST pulses with reduced magnetic field, CAEs were excited across a wide range of frequencies, extending to the ion cyclotron range, but were suppressed when hydrogen was introduced to the deuterium plasma, apparently due to mode conversion at ion–ion hybrid resonances. At lower frequencies fishbone instabilities caused fast particle redistribution in some MAST and NSTX pulses, but this could be avoided by moving the neutral beam line away from the magnetic axis or by operating the plasma at either high density or elevated safety factor. Fast ion redistribution has been observed during GAE avalanches on NSTX, while in both NSTX and MAST fast ions were transported by saturated kink modes, sawtooth crashes, resonant magnetic perturbations and TAEs. The energy dependence of fast ion redistribution due to both sawteeth and TAEs has been studied in Globus-M. High energy charged fusion products are unconfined in present-day STs, but have been shown in MAST to provide a useful diagnostic of beam ion behaviour, supplementing the information provided by neutron detectors. In MAST electrons were accelerated to highly suprathermal energies as a result of edge localised modes, while in both MAST and NSTX ions were accelerated due to internal reconnection events. Lastly, ion acceleration has also been observed during merging-compression start-up in MAST.

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Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: EP/I501045; AC02-76CH03073

OSTI ID:: 1358041

Journal Information:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 5; ISSN 0741-3335

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 21 works

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Fast-Ion Deuterium Alpha spectroscopic observations of the effects of fishbones in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak Jones, O. M.; Michael, C. A.; McClements, K. G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.1300	text	January 2013
Two-fluid simulations of driven reconnection in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak Stanier, A.; Browning, P.; Gordovskyy, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1308.2855	text	January 2013
Mitigation of MHD induced fast-ion redistribution in MAST and implications for MAST-Upgrade design Keeling, D. L.; Barrett, T. R.; Cecconello, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1407.2734	text	January 2014
Numerical calculation of ion runaway distributions Embréus, Ola; Newton, Sarah; Stahl, Adam arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.06739	text	January 2015
Measurements and modelling of fast-ion redistribution due to resonant MHD instabilities in MAST Jones, O. M.; Cecconello, M.; McClements, K. G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1503.06698	preprint	January 2015

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Energetic-particle-modified global Alfvén eigenmodes Lestz, J. B.; Belova, E. V.; Gorelenkov, N. N. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4998602	journal	April 2018
Modeling of chirping toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes in NSTX White, R. B.; Duarte, V. N.; Gorelenkov, N. N. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115399	journal	September 2019
Analytic stability boundaries for compressional and global Alfvén eigenmodes driven by fast ions. I. Interaction via ordinary and anomalous cyclotron resonances Lestz, J. B.; Gorelenkov, N. N.; Belova, E. V. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127551	journal	February 2020
Analytic stability boundaries for compressional and global Alfvén eigenmodes driven by fast ions. II. Interaction via Landau resonance Lestz, J. B.; Gorelenkov, N. N.; Belova, E. V. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127552	journal	February 2020
Analytic stability boundaries for compressional and global Alfvén eigenmodes driven by fast ions. II. Interaction via Landau resonance Lestz, J. B.; Gorelenkov, N. N.; Belova, E. V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.05465	text	January 2019

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