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Title: The First Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series
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The dramatic increase in the number of known gamma-ray pulsars since the launch of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (formerly GLAST) offers the first opportunity to study a sizable population of these high-energy objects. This catalog summarizes 46 high-confidence pulsed detections using the first six months of data taken by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), Fermi's main instrument. Sixteen previously unknown pulsars were discovered by searching for pulsed signals at the positions of bright gamma-ray sources seen with the LAT, or at the positions of objects suspected to be neutron stars based on observations at other wavelengths. The dimmest observed flux among these gamma-ray-selected pulsars is 6.0 × 10–8 ph cm–2 s–1 (for E>100 MeV). Pulsed gamma-ray emission was discovered from 24 known pulsars by using ephemerides (timing solutions) derived from monitoring radio pulsars. Eight of these new gamma-ray pulsars are millisecond pulsars. The dimmest observed flux among the radio-selected pulsars is 1.4 × 10–8 ph cm–2 s–1 (for E>100 MeV). The remaining six gamma-ray pulsars were known since the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory mission, or before. The limiting flux for pulse detection is non-uniform over the sky owing to different background levels, especially near the Galactic plane. The pulsed energy spectra can be described by a power law with an exponential cutoff, with cutoff energies in the range ~1-5 GeV. The rotational energy-loss rate ($$\dot{E}$$) of these neutron stars spans five decades, from ~3 × 1033 erg s–1 to 5 × 1038 erg s–1, and the apparent efficiencies for conversion to gamma-ray emission range from ~0.1% to ~ unity, although distance uncertainties complicate efficiency estimates. The pulse shapes show substantial diversity, but roughly 75% of the gamma-ray pulse profiles have two peaks, separated by ≳0.2 of rotational phase. For most of the pulsars, gamma-ray emission appears to come mainly from the outer magnetosphere, while polar-cap emission remains plausible for a remaining few. Spatial associations imply that many of these pulsars power pulsar wind nebulae. In conclusion, these discoveries suggest that gamma-ray-selected young pulsars are born at a rate comparable to that of their radio-selected cousins and that the birthrate of all young gamma-ray-detected pulsars is a substantial fraction of the expected Galactic supernova rate.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Contributing Organization:
The Fermi LAT Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1357570
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series, Vol. 187, Issue 2; ISSN 0067-0049
Publisher:
American Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 376 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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The Palermo Swift -BAT hard X-ray catalogue : III. Results after 54 months of sky survey⋆ journal November 2010
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Simultaneous Planck , Swift , and Fermi observations of X-ray and γ -ray selected blazars journal May 2012
X-ray follow-up observations of the two γ -ray pulsars PSR J1459–6053 and PSR J1614–2230 journal August 2012
Deep optical imaging of the γ -ray pulsar J1048–5832 with the VLT journal April 2013
DISCOVERY OF NINE GAMMA-RAY PULSARS IN FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE DATA USING A NEW BLIND SEARCH METHOD journal December 2011
SEARCH FOR DARK MATTER SATELLITES USING FERMI -LAT journal February 2012
SEARCH FOR GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM FOUR ACCRETING MILLISECOND PULSARS WITH FERMI /LAT journal May 2013
Time-Dependent Modeling of Pulsar wind Nebulae journal August 2013
Recombining Plasma in the Gamma-Ray-Emitting Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant 3c 391 journal July 2014
PARKES RADIO SEARCHES OF FERMI GAMMA-RAY SOURCES AND MILLISECOND PULSAR DISCOVERIES journal September 2015
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CHANDRA PULSAR SURVEY (ChaPS) journal August 2012
THE SECOND FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE CATALOG OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS journal September 2013
MULTIBAND DIAGNOSTICS OF UNIDENTIFIED 1FGL SOURCES WITH SUZAKU AND SWIFT X-RAY OBSERVATIONS journal September 2013
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Unidentified sources in the Fermi-LAT second source catalog: the case for DM subhalos journal November 2012
Millisecond pulsars and the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess: the importance of luminosity function and secondary emission journal February 2015
Background model systematics for the Fermi GeV excess journal March 2015
DISCOVERY OF GeV γ-RAY EMISSION FROM PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 journal June 2011
DISCOVERY OF HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE BINARY SYSTEM PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 AROUND PERIASTRON WITH FERMI journal June 2011
Current flow and pair creation at low altitude in rotation-powered pulsars’ force-free magnetospheres: space charge limited flow journal December 2012
A study of multifrequency polarization pulse profiles of millisecond pulsars journal April 2015
Black hole, neutron star and white dwarf candidates from microlensing with OGLE-III journal February 2016
Prospects for the detection of high-energy (E > 25 GeV) Fermi pulsars with the Cherenkov Telescope Array journal June 2017
Milky Way globular clusters in γ-rays: analysing the dynamical formation of millisecond pulsars journal March 2019
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Eight Millisecond Pulsars Discovered in the Arecibo PALFA Survey journal December 2019
The Second Fermi Large area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-Ray Pulsars text January 2013
The Neutron Star Zoo journal September 2017
Discovery of GeV gamma-ray emission from PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 text January 2011
GRIPS - Gamma-Ray Imaging, Polarimetry and Spectroscopy text January 2011
Simultaneous Planck, Swift, and Fermi observations of X-ray and gamma-ray selected blazars text January 2011
A multi-epoch XMM-Newton campaign on the core of the massive Cyg OB2 association text January 2011
Search for Dark Matter Satellites using the FERMI-LAT text January 2012
Chandra pulsar survey (ChaPS) text January 2012
The High Time Resolution Universe Survey VI: An Artificial Neural Network and Timing of 75 Pulsars text January 2012
Physical Conditions in the Reconnection Layer in Pulsar Magnetospheres text January 2012
Unidentified sources in the Fermi-LAT second source catalog: the case for DM subhalos text January 2012
Time-dependent Modeling of Pulsar Wind Nebulae text January 2013
NuSTAR study of Hard X-Ray Morphology and Spectroscopy of PWN G21.5-0.9 text January 2014
Recombining Plasma in the Gamma-ray Emitting Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant 3C 391 text January 2014
Background model systematics for the Fermi GeV excess text January 2014
Millisecond pulsars and the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess: the importance of luminosity function and secondary emission text January 2014
Parkes radio searches of Fermi gamma-ray sources and millisecond pulsar discoveries text January 2015
Pulsar Electrodynamics: an unsolved problem text January 2016
Ab-Initio Pulsar Magnetosphere: Particle acceleration in Oblique Rotators and High-energy Emission Modeling text January 2017
AGILE study of the gamma-ray emission from the SNR G78.2+2.1 (Gamma Cygni) text January 2019

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