Fermi-LAT Search for Pulsar Wind Nebulae around gamma-ray Pulsars

Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Baldini, L.; Ballet, J.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; Bechtol, K.; Bellazzini, R.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Bonamente, E.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Brigida, M.; Bruel, P.; Buehler, R.; Buson, S.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Camilo, F.; Caraveo, P. A.; Casandjian, J. M.; Cecchi, C.; Çelik, Ö.; Charles, E.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Chiang, J.; Ciprini, S.; Claus, R.; Cognard, I.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Conrad, J.; Dermer, C. D.; de Angelis, A.; de Luca, A.; de Palma, F.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Dumora, D.; Favuzzi, C.; Focke, W. B.; Frailis, M.; Fukazawa, Y.; Funk, S.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Germani, S.; Giglietto, N.; Giommi, P.; Giordano, F.; Giroletti, M.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Grenier, I. A.; Grondin, M. -H.; Grove, J. E.; Guillemot, L.; Guiriec, S.; Hadasch, D.; Hanabata, Y.; Harding, A. K.; Hayashi, K.; Hays, E.; Hobbs, G.; Hughes, R. E.; Jóhannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Johnson, W. N.; Johnston, S.; Kamae, T.; Katagiri, H.; Kataoka, J.; Keith, M.; Kerr, M.; Knödlseder, J.; Kramer, M.; Kuss, M.; Lande, J.; Latronico, L.; Lee, S. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Longo, F.; Loparco, F.; Lovellette, M. N.; Lubrano, P.; Lyne, A. G.; Makeev, A.; Marelli, M.; Mazziotta, M. N.; McEnery, J. E.; Mehault, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mizuno, T.; Moiseev, A. A.; Monte, C.; Monzani, M. E.; Morselli, A.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nakamori, T.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Nolan, P. L.; Noutsos, A.; Nuss, E.; Ohsugi, T.; Okumura, A.; Ormes, J. F.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Parent, D.; Pelassa, V.; Pepe, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Piron, F.; Porter, T. A.; Rainò, S.; Rando, R.; Ransom, S. M.; Ray, P. S.; Razzano, M.; Rea, N.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Reposeur, T.; Ripken, J.; Ritz, S.; Romani, R. W.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Sander, A.; Parkinson, P. M.  Saz; Sgrò, C.; Siskind, E. J.; Smith, D. A.; Smith, P. D.; Spandre, G.; Spinelli, P.; Strickman, M. S.; Suson, D. J.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, T.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Theureau, G.; Thompson, D. J.; Thorsett, S. E.; Tibaldo, L.; Torres, D. F.; Tosti, G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Uehara, T.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Etten, A.; Vasileiou, V.; Vilchez, N.; Vitale, V.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Weltevrede, P.; Winer, B. L.; Wood, K. S.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.; Ziegler, M.

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/35

Fermi-LAT Search for Pulsar Wind Nebulae around gamma-ray Pulsars

Journal Article · Mon Dec 13 00:00:00 EST 2010 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/35· OSTI ID:1357270

Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Baldini, L.; Ballet, J.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; Bechtol, K.; Bellazzini, R.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Bonamente, E.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Brigida, M.; Bruel, P.; Buehler, R.; Buson, S.; Caliandro, G. A. more »

The high sensitivity of the Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) offers the first opportunity to study faint and extended GeV sources such as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). After one year of observation the LAT detected and identified three PWNe: the Crab Nebula, Vela-X, and the PWN inside MSH 15-52. In the meantime, the list of LAT detected pulsars increased steadily. These pulsars are characterized by high energy loss rates ($$\dot{E}$$) from ~3 × 10³³ erg s^–1 to 5 × 10³⁸ erg s^–1 and are therefore likely to power a PWN. This paper summarizes the search for PWNe in the off-pulse windows of 54 LAT-detected pulsars using 16 months of survey observations. Ten sources show significant emission, seven of these likely being of magnetospheric origin. The detection of significant emission in the off-pulse interval offers new constraints on the γ-ray emitting regions in pulsar magnetospheres. The three other sources with significant emission are the Crab Nebula, Vela-X, and a new PWN candidate associated with the LAT pulsar PSR J1023–5746, coincident with the TeV source HESS J1023–575. Here, we further explore the association between the HESS and the Fermi source by modeling its spectral energy distribution. Lastly, flux upper limits derived for the 44 remaining sources are used to provide new constraints on famous PWNe that have been detected at keV and/or TeV energies.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE

Contributing Organization:: The Fermi-LAT Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1357270

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 21567713

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 726; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula with AGILE Pellizzoni, A.; Trois, A.; Tavani, M. Science, Vol. 327, Issue 5966 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183844	journal	December 2009
The Evolution and Structure of Pulsar Wind Nebulae Gaensler, Bryan M.; Slane, Patrick O. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092528	journal	September 2006

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The X-ray light curve of the massive colliding wind Wolf-Rayet + O binary WR 21a Gosset, Eric; Nazé, Yaël Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 590 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527051	journal	May 2016
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The two tails of PSR J2055+2539 as seen by *Chandra* : Analysis of the nebular morphology and pulsar proper motion Marelli, M.; Tiengo, A.; De Luca, A. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 624 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833464	journal	April 2019
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Time-Dependent Modeling of Pulsar wind Nebulae Vorster, M. J.; Tibolla, O.; Ferreira, S. E. S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 773, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/773/2/139	journal	August 2013
NuSTAR STUDY OF HARD X-RAY MORPHOLOGY AND SPECTROSCOPY OF PWN G21.5–0.9 Nynka, Melania; Hailey, Charles J.; Reynolds, Stephen P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 789, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/789/1/72	journal	June 2014
THE SECOND FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE CATALOG OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS Abdo, A. A.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 208, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/17	journal	September 2013
Properties of young pulsar wind nebulae: TeV detectability and pulsar properties Tanaka, S. J.; Takahara, F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 429, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sts528	journal	January 2013
X-ray studies of the gamma-ray pulsar J1826−1256 and its pulsar wind nebula with Chandra and XMM–Newton Karpova, Anna V.; Zyuzin, Dmitry A.; Shibanov, Yuriy A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1387	journal	June 2019
HAWC observations strongly favor pulsar interpretations of the cosmic-ray positron excess Hooper, Dan; Cholis, Ilias; Linden, Tim Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.96.103013	journal	November 2017
Search for GeV γ -Ray Pair Halos Around Low Redshift Blazars Chen, Wenlei; Buckley, James H.; Ferrer, Francesc Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.115.211103	journal	November 2015
Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog Abdollahi, S. IOP https://doi.org/10.13016/m2hfkt-y90r	collection	January 2020
The Second Fermi Large area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-Ray Pulsars Abdo, A. A.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/desy-2014-00864	text	January 2013
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Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog Abdollahi, S.; Acero, F.; Ackermann, Markus Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2020-01400	text	January 2020
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A spectroscopic investigation of early-type stars in the young open cluster Westerlund 2 Rauw, Gregor; Sana, Hugues; Nazé, Yaël arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1109.1086	text	January 2011
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Time-dependent Modeling of Pulsar Wind Nebulae Vorster, M. J.; Tibolla, O.; Ferreira, S. E. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1309.7137	text	January 2013
NuSTAR study of Hard X-Ray Morphology and Spectroscopy of PWN G21.5-0.9 Nynka, Melania; Hailey, Charles J.; Reynolds, Stephen P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1405.3239	text	January 2014
HAWC Observations Strongly Favor Pulsar Interpretations of the Cosmic-Ray Positron Excess Hooper, Dan; Cholis, Ilias; Linden, Tim arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.08436	text	January 2017
Outflow and Emission Model of Pulsar Wind Nebulae with the Back-reaction of Particle Diffusion Ishizaki, Wataru; Asano, Katsuaki; Kawaguchi, Kyohei arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.09054	text	January 2018
X-ray studies of the gamma-ray pulsar J1826-1256 and its pulsar wind nebula with Chandra and XMM-Newton Karpova, A. V.; Zyuzin, D. A.; Shibanov, Yu. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.00821	text	January 2019

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