Improving neutralization potency and breadth by combining broadly reactive HIV-1 antibodies targeting major neutralization epitopes

Kong, Rui; Louder, Mark K.; Wagh, Kshitij; Bailer, Robert T.; deCamp, Allan; Greene, Kelli; Gao, Hongmei; Taft, Justin D.; Gazumyan, Anna; Liu, Cassie; Nussenzweig, Michel C.; Korber, Bette Tina Marie; Montefiori, David C.; Mascola, John R.

doi:10.1128/JVI.03136-14

Improving neutralization potency and breadth by combining broadly reactive HIV-1 antibodies targeting major neutralization epitopes

Journal Article · Thu Feb 05 04:00:00 EST 2015 · Journal of Virology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03136-14· OSTI ID:1352359

Kong, Rui ^[1]; Louder, Mark K. ^[1]; ^[2]; Bailer, Robert T. ^[1]; deCamp, Allan ^[3]; Greene, Kelli ^[4]; Gao, Hongmei ^[4]; Taft, Justin D. ^[1]; Gazumyan, Anna ^[5]; Liu, Cassie ^[5]; Nussenzweig, Michel C. ^[5]; Korber, Bette Tina Marie ^[2]; Montefiori, David C. ^[4]; Mascola, John R. ^[1]

National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (United States)
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC (United States)
Rockefeller Univ., New York, NY (United States)

The isolation of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to distinct epitopes on the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) provides the potential to use combinations of MAbs for prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection. Since many of these MAbs have been isolated in the last few years, the potency and breadth of MAb combinations have not been well characterized. Here, in two parallel experiments, we examined the in vitro neutralizing activities of double-, triple-, and quadruple-MAb combinations targeting four distinct epitopes, including the CD4-binding site, the V1V2-glycan region, the V3-glycan supersite, and the gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER), using a panel of 125 Env-pseudotyped viruses. All MAb combinations showed substantially improved neutralization breadth compared to the corresponding single MAbs, while the neutralization potency of individual MAbs was maintained. At a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) cutoff of 1 μg/ml per antibody, double-MAb combinations neutralized 89 to 98% of viruses, and triple combinations neutralized 98 to 100%. Overall, the improvement of neutralization breadth was closely predicted by an additive-effect model and explained by complementary neutralization profiles of antibodies recognizing distinct epitopes. Subtle but consistent favorable interactions were observed in some MAb combinations, whereas less favorable interactions were observed on a small subset of viruses that are highly sensitive to V3-glycan MAbs. These data demonstrate favorable in vitro combinations of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 MAbs and suggest that such combinations could have utility for HIV-1 prevention and treatment. Over the last 5 years, numerous broadly reactive HIV-1-neutralizing MAbs have been isolated from B cells of HIV-1-infected donors. Each of these MAbs binds to one of the major vulnerable sites (epitopes) on the surface of the viral envelope glycoprotein. Since antibodies to distinct viral epitopes could theoretically act together to provide greater potency and breadth of virus neutralization, we tested physical mixtures of double, triple, and quadruple combinations of neutralizing MAbs targeting four major epitopes on HIV-1 Env. When tested together, antibody combinations showed substantially improved neutralization breadth compared to single MAbs. This improvement could be explained by the complementary neutralization profiles of individual MAbs. We further demonstrated that each antibody maintained its full neutralization potency when used in combination with other MAbs. Lastly, these data provide a rationale for clinical use of antibody-based combinations for HIV-1 prevention and therapy.

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

DOE Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1352359

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-14-29037

Journal Information:: Journal of Virology, Journal Name: Journal of Virology Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 89; ISSN 0022-538X

Publisher:: American Society for Microbiology

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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