Edge-localized-modes in tokamaks

Leonard, Anthony W.

doi:10.1063/1.4894742

Edge-localized-modes in tokamaks

Journal Article · Thu Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4894742· OSTI ID:1352343

Leonard, Anthony W. ^[1]

General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); General Atomics

Edge-localized-modes (ELMs) are a ubiquitous feature of H-mode in tokamaks. When gradients in the H-mode transport barrier grow to exceed the MHD stability limit the ELM instability grows explosively rapidly transporting energy and particles onto open field lines and material surfaces. Though ELMs provide additional particle and impurity transport through the H-mode transport barrier, enabling steady operation, the resulting heat flux transients to plasma facing surfaces project to large amplitude in future low collisionality burning plasma tokamaks. Measurements of the ELM heat flux deposition onto material surfaces in the divertor and main chamber indicate significant broadening compared to inter-ELM heat flux, with a timescale for energy deposition that is consistent with sonic ion flow and numerical simulation. Comprehensive ELM simulation is highlighting the important physics processes of ELM transport including parallel transport due to magnetic reconnection and turbulence resulting from collapse of the H-mode transport barrier. As a result, encouraging prospects for ELM control and/or suppression in future tokamaks include intrinsic modes of ELM free operation, ELM triggering with frequent small pellet injection and the application of 3D magnetic fields.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-04ER54698

OSTI ID:: 1352343

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 22303604

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Journal Name: Physics of Plasmas Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 21; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results Stroth, U.; Adamek, J.; Aho-Mantila, L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104003	journal	September 2013
An overview of KSTAR results Kwak, Jong-Gu; Oh, Y. K.; Yang, H. L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104005	journal	September 2013
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Magnetic-flutter-induced pedestal plasma transport Callen, J. D.; Hegna, C. C.; Cole, A. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/11/113015	journal	September 2013
Non-linear MHD simulation of ELM energy deposition Huijsmans, G. T. A.; Loarte, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/12/123023	journal	November 2013
ELM control strategies and tools: status and potential for ITER Lang, P. T.; Loarte, A.; Saibene, G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/4/043004	journal	March 2013
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Six-field two-fluid simulations of peeling–ballooning modes using BOUT++ Xia, T. Y.; Xu, X. Q.; Xi, P. W. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/7/073009	journal	May 2013
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Progress and issues in understanding the physics of ELM dynamics, ELM mitigation, and ELM control Oyama, N. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 123 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/123/1/012002	journal	July 2008
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Simulations of particle and heat fluxes in an ELMy H-mode discharge on EAST using BOUT++ code Wu, Y. B.; Xia, T. Y.; Zhong, F. C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aab52c	journal	March 2018
Experimental validation of coil phase parametrisation on ASDEX Upgrade, and extension to ITER Ryan, D. A.; Liu, Y. Q.; Kirk, A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aab873	journal	April 2018
Impact of particle sources and plasma resistivity on edge localized modes Huang, J.; Zhou, H.; Xu, Y. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aaf410	journal	January 2019
Edge transport and mode structure of a QCM-like fluctuation driven by the Shoelace antenna Golfinopoulos, T.; LaBombard, B.; Brunner, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aab2c8	journal	March 2018
Effect of pedestal fluctuation on ELM frequency in the EAST tokamak Zhong, F. B.; Zhang, T.; Liu, Z. X. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aab30a	journal	March 2018
The dependence of divertor power sharing on magnetic flux balance in near double-null configurations on Alcator C-Mod Brunner, D.; Kuang, A. Q.; LaBombard, B. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aac006	journal	May 2018
Access and sustainment of naturally ELM-free and small-ELM regimes Viezzer, E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aac222	journal	September 2018
Scaling trends of the critical E × B shear for edge harmonic oscillation onset in DIII-D quiescent H-mode plasmas Wilks, T. M.; Garofalo, A. M.; Diamond, P. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aad143	journal	September 2018
Grassy-ELM regime with edge resonant magnetic perturbations in fully noninductive plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak Nazikian, R.; Petty, C. C.; Bortolon, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aad20d	journal	July 2018
Characterization of low-frequency inter-ELM modes of H-mode discharges at ASDEX Upgrade Vanovac, B.; Wolfrum, E.; Hoelzl, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aada20	journal	October 2018
E × B flow shear mitigates ballooning-driven edge-localized modes at high collisionality: experiment and simulation Kong, D. F.; Xu, X. Q.; Diamond, P. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aaef0c	journal	December 2018
Long-lived coupled peeling ballooning modes preceding ELMs on JET Perez von Thun, C.; Frassinetti, L.; Horvath, L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab0031	journal	March 2019
Impact of n = 1 field on the non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations associated with the edge localized mode crashes in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak Wang, Nengchao; Liang, Yunfeng; Igochine, Valentin Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab0f82	journal	March 2019
Parallel flow driven instability due to toroidal return flow in high-confinement mode plasmas Sasaki, M.; Itoh, K.; Kosuga, Y. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1292	journal	May 2019
Simulations on the transient heat fluxes for the low-hybrid wave heating H-mode on EAST Xia, T. Y.; Gui, B.; Huang, Y. Q. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1f15	journal	June 2019
Divertor currents during type-I edge-localized modes on the DIII-D tokamak Knolker, M.; Evans, T. E.; Wingen, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab3e9a	journal	October 2019
Experimental characterization of a quasi-coherent turbulent structure in the edge plasma in Wendelstein 7-X Han, X.; Krämer-Flecken, A.; Windisch, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab4e75	journal	October 2019
High Confinement Mode and Edge Localized Mode Characteristics in a Near-Unity Aspect Ratio Tokamak Thome, K. E.; Bongard, M. W.; Barr, J. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 17, Article No. 175001 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.116.175001	journal	April 2016
Beam-Ion Acceleration during Edge Localized Modes in the ASDEX Upgrade Tokamak Galdon-Quiroga, J.; Garcia-Munoz, M.; McClements, K. G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.025002	journal	July 2018
Direct Observation of Nonlinear Coupling between Pedestal Modes Leading to the Onset of Edge Localized Modes Diallo, A.; Dominski, J.; Barada, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.235001	journal	December 2018

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