Direct Observation of the Growth of Au-Pd Core-Shell Nanoparticles Using in situ Low-Dose Liquid Cell STEM imaging
- Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States). Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering
Bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles are widely used as catalysts in several industrial reactions, with core-shell structures permitting facile surface modification and allowing increased stability and durability, and cost-effectiveness of the catalysts. We report, for the first time, on observing the early stages of the formation of Au-Pd core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles via the seed-mediated growth in the presence of reducing agent, while employing the low-dose scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging with the fluid cell in situ. Use of the continuous flow in situ fluid cell platform allows for delivery of reagent solutions and generation of near-native reaction environment in the reaction chamber, and permits direct visualization of the early stages of formation of Au-Pd core-shell structures at low dose rate (0.1 e-/(Å2s)) in the presence of ascorbic acid. No core-shell structures were detected in the absence of reducing agent at the electron dose of 32.6 e-/Å2. While the core-shell structures formed in situ under the low-dose imaging closely resemble those obtained in solution synthesis, the reaction kinetics in the fluid cell is affected by the radiolysis of liquid reagents induced by electron beam, altering the rate-determining reaction steps. The enhanced reduction of Pd ions leads to initial rapid growth of the nascent Pd shell along the <111> direction at the Au interface, followed by a slower rearrangement of the outer Pd layer. The latter becomes the rate-determining step in the in situ reaction and appears to follow the oriented attachment-like movement to yield a remodeled, compact and stable Au-Pd core-shell nanostructure. Our findings highlight the differences between the two reaction pathways and aid in understanding the mechanism of formation of the core-shell nanostructure in situ.
- Research Organization:
- Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11358
- OSTI ID:
- 1350059
- Report Number(s):
- IS-J-8931; PII: S1431927616004578
- Journal Information:
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 22, Issue S3; ISSN 0897-4756
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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