Detection of a Cooper-pair density wave in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x

Hamidian, M. H.; Edkins, S. D.; Joo, Sang Hyun; Kostin, A.; Eisaki, H.; Uchida, S.; Lawler, M. J.; Kim, E. -A.; Mackenzie, A. P.; Fujita, K.; Lee, Jinho; Davis, J. C.  Seamus

doi:10.1038/nature17411

Detection of a Cooper-pair density wave in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x

Journal Article · Wed Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17411· OSTI ID:1341670

Hamidian, M. H. ^[1]; Edkins, S. D. ^[2]; Joo, Sang Hyun ^[3]; Kostin, A. ^[4]; Eisaki, H. ^[5]; Uchida, S. ^[6]; Lawler, M. J. ^[7]; Kim, E. -A. ^[4]; Mackenzie, A. P. ^[8]; Fujita, K. ^[9]; Lee, Jinho ^[3]; Davis, J. C. Seamus ^[10]

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics. Lab. of Atomic and Solid State Physics; Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy
Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy. Inst. of Applied Physics; Inst. of Basic Science, Seoul (Korea, Republic of). Center for Correlated Electron Systems
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics. Lab. of Atomic and Solid State Physics
Inst. of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba (Japan)
Inst. of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba (Japan); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Physics
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics. Lab. of Atomic and Solid State Physics; Binghamton Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy; Max Planck Inst. for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden (Germany)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics. Lab. of Atomic and Solid State Physics. Kavli Inst. at Cornell for Nanoscale Science; Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept.

The quantum condensate of Cooper pairs forming a superconductor was originally conceived as being translationally invariant. In theory, however, pairs can exist with finite momentum Q, thus generating a state with a spatially modulated Cooper-pair density. Such a state has been created in ultracold ⁶Li gas but never observed directly in any superconductor. It is now widely hypothesized that the pseudogap phase of the copper oxide superconductors contains such a ‘pair density wave’ state. In this paper we report the use of nanometre-resolution scanned Josephson tunnelling microscopy to image Cooper pair tunnelling from a d-wave superconducting microscope tip to the condensate of the superconductor Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x. We demonstrate condensate visualization capabilities directly by using the Cooper-pair density variations surrounding zinc impurity atoms and at the Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x crystal supermodulation. Then, by using Fourier analysis of scanned Josephson tunnelling images, we discover the direct signature of a Cooper-pair density modulation at wavevectors Q_P ≈ (0.25, 0)2π/a₀ and (0, 0.25)2π/a₀ in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x. The amplitude of these modulations is about five per cent of the background condensate density and their form factor exhibits primarily s or s' symmetry. Finally, this phenomenology is consistent with Ginzburg–Landau theory when a charge density wave with d-symmetry form factor and wavevector Q_C = Q_P coexists with a d-symmetry superconductor; it is also predicted by several contemporary microscopic theories for the pseudogap phase.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Seoul National Univ. (Korea, Republic of); Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom); Inst. of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba (Japan)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); Moore Foundation (United States); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (United Kingdom); Ministry of Science and Education (Japan); Institute for Basic Science (Korea, Republic of)

Contributing Organization:: Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States); Inst. of Basic Science, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan); Binghamton Univ., NY (United States); Max Planck Inst. for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden (Germany)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-98CH10886; SC0010313

OSTI ID:: 1341670

Report Number(s):: BNL--113397-2016-JA; KC0201010

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7599 Vol. 532; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Magnetic field–induced pair density wave state in the cuprate vortex halo Edkins, S. D.; Kostin, A.; Fujita, K. Science, Vol. 364, Issue 6444 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat1773	journal	June 2019
Dual gauge field theory of quantum liquid crystals in three dimensions Beekman, Aron J.; Nissinen, Jaakko; Wu, Kai arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.03157	text	January 2017
Intertwined order and holography: the case of the parity breaking pair density wave Cai, Rong-Gen; Li, Li; Wang, Yong-Qiang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.01470	text	January 2017
Pair Density Waves in Superconducting Vortex Halos Wang, Yuxuan; Edkins, Stephen D.; Hamidian, Mohammad H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.01582	text	January 2018
Quantum oscillations in a biaxial pair density wave state Norman, M. R.; Davis, J. C. Seamus arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.04333	text	January 2018
Magnetic-field Induced Pair Density Wave State in the Cuprate Vortex Halo Edkins, Stephen D.; Kostin, Andrey; Fujita, Kazuhiro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.04673	text	January 2018
Theory of triangular lattice quasi-one-dimensional charge-transfer solids Clay, R. T.; Gomes, N.; Mazumdar, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.03067	text	January 2019
Quasiclassical circuit-theory of contiguous disordered multiband superconductors Kirmani, Ammar A.; Dzero, Maxim; Levchenko, Alex arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.07953	text	January 2019
Intrinsic Cluster-Shaped Density Waves in Cellular Dynamical Mean-Field Theory Verret, S.; Roy, J.; Foley, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.10141	text	January 2019

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