Fabrication of electrocatalytic Ta nanoparticles by reactive sputtering and ion soft landing

Johnson, Grant E.; Moser, Trevor; Engelhard, Mark; Browning, Nigel D.; Laskin, Julia

doi:10.1063/1.4966199

Title: Fabrication of electrocatalytic Ta nanoparticles by reactive sputtering and ion soft landing

Journal Article · Tue Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Chemical Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4966199· OSTI ID:1339839

Johnson, Grant E. ^[1]; Moser, Trevor ^[2]; Engelhard, Mark ^[1]; Browning, Nigel D. ^[1]; Laskin, Julia ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States)

About 40 years ago, it was shown that tungsten carbide exhibits similar catalytic behavior to Pt for certain commercially relevant reactions, thereby suggesting the possibility of cheaper and earth-abundant substitutes for costly and rare precious metal catalysts. In this work, reactive magnetron sputtering of Ta in the presence of three model hydrocarbons (2-butanol, heptane, and m-xylene) combined with gas aggregation and ion soft landing was employed to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) on surfaces for evaluation of catalytic activity and durability. The electrocatalytic behavior of the NPs supported on glassy carbon was evaluated in acidic aqueous solution by cyclic voltammetry. The Ta-heptane and Ta-xylene NPs were revealed to be active and robust toward promotion of the oxygen reduction reaction, an important process occurring at the cathode in fuel cells. In comparison, pure Ta and Ta-butanol NPs were essentially unreactive. Characterization techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to probe how different sputtering conditions such as the flow rates of gases, sputtering current, and aggregation length affect the properties of the NPs. AFM images reveal the focused size of the NPs as well as their preferential binding along the step edges of graphite surfaces. In comparison, TEM images of the same NPs on carbon grids show that they bind randomly to the surface with some agglomeration but little coalescence. The TEM images also reveal morphologies with crystalline cores surrounded by amorphous regions for NPs formed in the presence of 2-butanol and heptane. In contrast, NPs formed in the presence of m-xylene are amorphous throughout. XPS spectra indicate that while the percentage of Ta, C, and O in the NPs varies depending on the sputtering conditions and hydrocarbon employed, the electron binding energies of the elements are similar for all of the NPs. The difference in reactivity between the NPs is attributed to their Ta/C ratios. Collectively, the findings presented herein indicate that reactive magnetron sputtering and gas aggregation combined with ion soft landing offer a promising physical approach for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid NPs that have potential as low-cost durable substitutes for precious metals in catalysis.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1339839

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1421077

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-122098

Journal Information:: Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 145, Issue 17; ISSN 0021-9606

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 9 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (99)

Synthesis and catalytic properties of metal nanoparticles: Size, shape, support, composition, and oxidation state effects Cuenya, Beatriz Roldan Thin Solid Films, Vol. 518, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2010.01.018	journal	April 2010
Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices Atwater, Harry A.; Polman, Albert Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 3, p. 205-213 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2629	journal	February 2010
Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Useful for Fabrication of High-Conductivity Elements for Printed Electronics Li, Yuning; Wu, Yiliang; Ong, Beng S. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 10, p. 3266-3267 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja043425k	journal	March 2005
The Impact of Nanoscience on Heterogeneous Catalysis Bell, A. T. Science, Vol. 299, Issue 5613 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1083671	journal	March 2003
Nanoscale Advances in Catalysis and Energy Applications Li, Yimin; Somorjai, Gabor A. Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl101807g	journal	July 2010
Opportunities for mesoscale science Crabtree, G. W.; Sarrao, J. L. MRS Bulletin, Vol. 37, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2012.274	journal	November 2012
Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics? Xia, Younan; Xiong, Yujie; Lim, Byungkwon Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 48, Issue 1, p. 60-103 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200802248	journal	December 2008
On the Dual Roles of Ligands in the Synthesis of Colloidal Metal Nanostructures Ortiz, Nancy; Skrabalak, Sara E. Langmuir, Vol. 30, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/la404539p	journal	January 2014
Facile removal of stabilizer-ligands from supported gold nanoparticles Lopez-Sanchez, Jose A.; Dimitratos, Nikolaos; Hammond, Ceri Nature Chemistry, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1066	journal	June 2011
Preparation of TiO2-supported Au nanoparticle catalysts from a Au13 cluster precursor: Ligand removal using ozone exposure versus a rapid thermal treatment Menard, L.; Xu, F.; Nuzzo, R. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 243, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2006.07.006	journal	October 2006
The construction of a gas aggregation source for the preparation of size-selected nanoscale transition metal clusters Baker, S. H.; Thornton, S. C.; Edmonds, K. W. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 71, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1304868	journal	August 2000
Invited Review Article: Laser vaporization cluster sources Duncan, Michael A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3697599	journal	April 2012
A new type of cluster and cluster ion source Haberland, H.; Karrais, M.; Mall, M. Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters, Vol. 20, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544025	journal	March 1991
Pure metal and metal-doped rare-gas clusters grown in a pulsed ARC cluster ion source Ganteför, G.; Siekmann, H. R.; Lutz, H. O. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 165, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(90)87191-s	journal	January 1990
Atomically precise (catalytic) particles synthesized by a novel cluster deposition instrument Yin, C.; Tyo, E.; Kuchta, K. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 140, Issue 17, Article No. 174201 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4871799	journal	May 2014
Design and performance of a high-flux electrospray ionization source for ion soft landing Gunaratne, K. Don D.; Prabhakaran, Venkateshkumar; Ibrahim, Yehia M. The Analyst, Vol. 140, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5AN00220F	journal	January 2015
Note: Proof of principle of a new type of cluster beam source with potential for scale-up Palmer, R. E.; Cao, L.; Yin, F. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4947229	journal	April 2016
Size-selected cluster beam source based on radio frequency magnetron plasma sputtering and gas condensation Pratontep, S.; Carroll, S. J.; Xirouchaki, C. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 76, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1869332	journal	April 2005
Atomic Structure Control of Size-Selected Gold Nanoclusters during Formation Plant, Simon R.; Cao, Lu; Palmer, Richard E. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja502769v	journal	May 2014
Advanced Nanocluster Ion Source Based on High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering and Time-Resolved Measurements of Nanocluster Formation Zhang, Chuhang; Tsunoyama, Hironori; Akatsuka, Hiroki The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 117, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp406521v	journal	September 2013
Pulsed gas aggregation for improved nanocluster growth and flux: Pulsed gas aggregation for cluster growth Drache, Steffen; Stranak, Vitezslav; Berg, Florian physica status solidi (a), Vol. 211, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201330399	journal	February 2014
Generation of Nanoparticles with Adjustable Size and Controlled Stoichiometry: Recent Advances Martínez, L.; Díaz, M.; Román, E. Langmuir, Vol. 28, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1021/la3022134	journal	July 2012
Heterogeneous Gas-Phase Synthesis and Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Janus and Core–Satellite Si–Ag Nanoparticles Singh, Vidyadhar; Cassidy, Cathal; Grammatikopoulos, Panagiotis The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp500684y	journal	June 2014
Soft landing of bare PtRu nanoparticles for electrochemical reduction of oxygen Johnson, Grant E.; Colby, Robert; Engelhard, Mark Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR03154K	journal	January 2015
Novel Powder-Supported Size-Selected Clusters for Heterogeneous Catalysis under Realistic Reaction Conditions Habibpour, V.; Song, M. Y.; Wang, Z. W. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp306263f	journal	December 2012
Catalysis by clusters with precise numbers of atoms Tyo, Eric C.; Vajda, Stefan Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.140	journal	July 2015
PdPt catalyst synthesized using a gas aggregation source and magnetron sputtering for fuel cell electrodes Caillard, A.; Cuynet, S.; Lecas, T. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/47/475302	journal	October 2015
Nanocluster production for solar cell applications Al Dosari, Haila M.; Ayesh, Ahmad I. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 114, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4817421	journal	August 2013
Magnetism of cluster-deposited Y–Co nanoparticles Balamurugan, B.; Skomski, R.; Li, X. Z. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 109, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3549602	journal	April 2011
Nickel nanoparticle deposition at room temperature for memory applications Verrelli, E.; Tsoukalas, D.; Giannakopoulos, K. Microelectronic Engineering, Vol. 84, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2007.04.078	journal	September 2007
Cluster beam synthesis of metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles for emerging memories Verrelli, E.; Tsoukalas, D. Solid-State Electronics, Vol. 101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2014.06.017	journal	November 2014
Cluster–surface interaction: From soft landing to implantation Popok, Vladimir N.; Barke, Ingo; Campbell, Eleanor E. B. Surface Science Reports, Vol. 66, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2011.05.002	journal	October 2011
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) sputtering in a gas aggregation source for fabrication of nano-structured deposits Serov, A.; Choukourov, A.; Melnichuk, I. Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 254 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.06.014	journal	September 2014
Nanometer-scale hydrogen ‘portals’ for the control of magnesium hydride formation Chung, Chia-Jung; Nivargi, Chinmay; Clemens, Bruce Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP04515K	journal	January 2015
Engineering high-performance Pd core–MgO porous shell nanocatalysts via heterogeneous gas-phase synthesis Singh, Vidyadhar; Cassidy, Cathal; Abild-Pedersen, Frank Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR02663F	journal	January 2015
Soft- and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS Johnson, Grant E.; Gunaratne, Don; Laskin, Julia Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21451	journal	April 2015
Soft-landing preparative mass spectrometry Verbeck, Guido; Hoffmann, William; Walton, Barbara The Analyst, Vol. 137, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2an35550g	journal	January 2012
Low-Energy Ionic Collisions at Molecular Solids Cyriac, Jobin; Pradeep, T.; Kang, H. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 10, p. 5356-5411 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200384k	journal	June 2012
Drift tube soft-landing for the production and characterization of materials: Applied to Cu clusters Davila, Stephen J.; Birdwell, David O.; Verbeck, Guido F. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3361041	journal	March 2010
Soft landing of ions as a means of surface modification Franchetti, V.; Solka, B. H.; Baitinger, W. E. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(77)80004-1	journal	January 1977
Soft-landing of peptide ions onto self-assembled monolayer surfaces: an overview Laskin, Julia; Wang, Peng; Hadjar, Omar Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/B712710C	journal	January 2008
Preparing Protein Microarrays by Soft-Landing of Mass-Selected Ions Ouyang, Z. Science, Vol. 301, Issue 5638 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1088776	journal	September 2003
A Close Look at Proteins: Submolecular Resolution of Two- and Three-Dimensionally Folded Cytochrome c at Surfaces Deng, Zhitao; Thontasen, Nicha; Malinowski, Nikola Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl3005385	journal	April 2012
Mass-Selective Soft-Landing of Protein Assemblies with Controlled Landing Energies Mikhailov, Victor A.; Mize, Todd H.; Benesch, Justin L. P. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 86, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac5018327	journal	July 2014
Soft- and Reactive-Landing of Cr(aniline) ₂ Sandwich Complexes onto Self-Assembled Monolayers: Separation between Functional and Binding Sites Nagaoka, Shuhei; Ikemoto, Kaori; Horiuchi, Kazuki Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja205384q	journal	November 2011
Preparation of Surface Organometallic Catalysts by Gas-Phase Ligand Stripping and Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions Johnson, Grant E.; Laskin, Julia Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 16, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201002292	journal	November 2010
Chemically Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Electrodes with Ferrocene Derivatives through Reactive Landing Pepi, Federico; Tata, Alessandra; Garzoli, Stefania The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1100472	journal	February 2011
Catalysis Applications of Size-Selected Cluster Deposition Vajda, Stefan; White, Michael G. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b01816	journal	November 2015
Formation, deposition and examination of size selected metal clusters on semiconductor surfaces: An experimental setup Kemper, Paul; Kolmakov, Andrei; Tong, Xiao International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 254, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2006.05.020	journal	August 2006
Highly size-controlled synthesis of Au/Pd nanoparticles by inert-gas condensation Pérez-Tijerina, E.; Gracia Pinilla, M.; Mejía-Rosales, S. Faraday Discuss., Vol. 138 https://doi.org/10.1039/b705913m	journal	January 2008
Charge Retention by Gold Clusters on Surfaces Prepared Using Soft Landing of Mass Selected Ions Johnson, Grant E.; Priest, Thomas; Laskin, Julia ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn2039565	journal	December 2011
Coverage-Dependent Charge Reduction of Cationic Gold Clusters on Surfaces Prepared Using Soft Landing of Mass-Selected Ions Johnson, Grant E.; Priest, Thomas; Laskin, Julia The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 47, p. 24977-24986 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp308795r	journal	November 2012
Controlling the Charge State and Redox Properties of Supported Polyoxometalates via Soft Landing of Mass-Selected Ions Gunaratne, K. Don D.; Johnson, Grant E.; Andersen, Amity The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp505050m	journal	October 2014
Surface Chemistry for Molecular Layer Deposition of Organic and Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Polymers George, Steven M.; Yoon, Byunghoon; Dameron, Arrelaine A. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar800105q	journal	April 2009
Tuning Nanoparticle Catalysis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Guo, Shaojun; Zhang, Sen; Sun, Shouheng Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201207186	journal	June 2013
A review of the stability and durability of non-precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells Banham, Dustin; Ye, Siyu; Pei, Katie Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 285 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.047	journal	July 2015
The effect of particle proximity on the oxygen reduction rate of size-selected platinum clusters Nesselberger, Markus; Roefzaad, Melanie; Fayçal Hamou, R. Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3712	journal	July 2013
Cluster Size Controls Branching between Water and Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction at Pt _n /ITO von Weber, Alexander; Baxter, Eric T.; White, Henry S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5119234	journal	January 2015
Mass-selected nanoparticles of PtxY as model catalysts for oxygen electroreduction Hernandez-Fernandez, Patricia; Masini, Federico; McCarthy, David N. Nature Chemistry, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2001	journal	July 2014
Platinum-Like Behavior of Tungsten Carbide in Surface Catalysis Levy, R. B.; Boudart, M. Science, Vol. 181, Issue 4099 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.181.4099.547	journal	August 1973
Electronic Structure and Catalytic Behavior of Tungsten Carbide Bennett, L. H.; Cuthill, J. R.; McAlister, A. J. Science, Vol. 184, Issue 4136 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4136.563	journal	May 1974
Emergence of Oxygen Reduction Activity in Partially Oxidized Tantalum Carbonitrides: Roles of Deposited Carbon for Oxygen-Reduction-Reaction-Site Creation and Surface Electron Conduction Ishihara, Akimitsu; Tamura, Motoko; Ohgi, Yoshiro The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp405247m	journal	September 2013
Highly Dispersed TaO _x Nanoparticles Prepared by Electrodeposition as Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Seo, Jeongsuk; Zhao, Lan; Cha, Dongkyu The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4013703	journal	May 2013
Soft landing of bare nanoparticles with controlled size, composition, and morphology Johnson, Grant E.; Colby, Robert; Laskin, Julia Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR06758D	journal	January 2015
Low energy deposition of size-selected Si clusters onto graphite Neuendorf, R.; Palmer, R. E.; Smith, R. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 333, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01364-6	journal	January 2001
Thin films from energetic cluster impact: A feasibility study Haberland, Hellmut; Karrais, Martin; Mall, Martin Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.577853	journal	September 1992
Characterization of nanoparticle flow produced by gas aggregation source Kousal, Jaroslav; Polonskyi, Oleksandr; Kylián, Ondřej Vacuum, Vol. 96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2013.02.015	journal	October 2013
WSXM : A software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology Horcas, I.; Fernández, R.; Gómez-Rodríguez, J. M. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 78, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2432410	journal	January 2007
‘Flatten plus’: a recent implementation in WSxM for biological research: Fig. 1. Gimeno, Alejandro; Ares, Pablo; Horcas, Ignacio Bioinformatics, Vol. 31, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv278	journal	April 2015
Toward an uncertainty budget for measuring nanoparticles by AFM Delvallée, A.; Feltin, N.; Ducourtieux, S. Metrologia, Vol. 53, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/41	journal	December 2015
On the Structure and Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Gracia-Pinilla, Miguel Á.; Pérez-Tijerina, Eduardo; Antúnez-García, Joel The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 112, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp804085q	journal	August 2008
Effects of oxygen addition in reactive cluster beam deposition of tungsten by magnetron sputtering with gas aggregation Polášek, J.; Mašek, K.; Marek, A. Thin Solid Films, Vol. 591 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2015.03.044	journal	September 2015
Influence of reactive gas admixture on transition metal cluster nucleation in a gas aggregation cluster source Peter, Tilo; Polonskyi, Oleksandr; Gojdka, Björn Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 112, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4768528	journal	December 2012
Role of oxygen admixture in stabilizing TiO x nanoparticle deposition from a gas aggregation source Ahadi, Amir Mohammad; Zaporojtchenko, Vladimir; Peter, Tilo Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-2125-0	journal	November 2013
Gas aggregation nanocluster source — Reactive sputter deposition of copper and titanium nanoclusters Marek, Aleš; Valter, Jan; Kadlec, Stanislav Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 205 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.12.027	journal	July 2011
Recent aspects concerning DC reactive magnetron sputtering of thin films: a review Safi, I. Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 127, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00566-1	journal	May 2000
Characterization of a high depth-resolution tantalum pentoxide sputter profiling reference material Hunt, C. P.; Seah, M. P. Surface and Interface Analysis, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.740050506	journal	October 1983
Sputtering of Ta2O5 by Ar+ ions at energies below 1 keV Oechsner, H.; Schoof, H.; Stumpe, E. Surface Science, Vol. 76, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(78)90102-4	journal	September 1978
Sputtering Yields of Metals for Ar ⁺ and Ne ⁺ Ions with Energies from 50 to 600 ev Laegreid, Nils; Wehner, G. K. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 32, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1736012	journal	March 1961
Surface modifications due to preferential sputtering Taglauer, E. Applications of Surface Science, Vol. 13, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5963(82)90018-6	journal	August 1982
Stabilization of Platinum Oxygen-Reduction Electrocatalysts Using Gold Clusters Zhang, J.; Sasaki, K.; Sutter, E. Science, Vol. 315, Issue 5809, p. 220-222 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134569	journal	January 2007
Surface Morphologies of Size-Selected Mo _100±2.5 and (MoO ₃ ) _67±1.5 Clusters Soft-Landed onto HOPG Wepasnick, K. A.; Li, X.; Mangler, T. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp202165u	journal	June 2011
Trapping of size-selected Ag clusters at surface steps Carroll, S. J.; Seeger, K.; Palmer, R. E. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 72, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.120719	journal	January 1998
Determination of the Ground-State Atomic Structures of Size-Selected Au Nanoclusters by Electron-Beam-Induced Transformation Wang, Z. W.; Palmer, R. E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.108.245502	journal	June 2012
The influence of surface properties on catalytic activities of tantalum carbides Choi, J. Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 184, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00109-X	journal	August 1999
Synthesis and catalytic properties of porous Ta carbide crystallites for hydrogen production from the decomposition of ammonia Choi, Jeong-Gil Journal of Porous Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-013-9687-1	journal	March 2013
Study of dry and electrogenerated Ta2O5 and Ta/Ta2O5/Pt structures by XPS Kerrec, O.; Devilliers, D.; Groult, H. Materials Science and Engineering: B, Vol. 55, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5107(98)00177-9	journal	August 1998
An XPS depth-profile study on electrochemically deposited TaO x Moo, James Guo Sheng; Awaludin, Zaenal; Okajima, Takeyoshi Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 17, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-013-2216-y	journal	August 2013
Fabrication of size-selected Pd nanoclusters using a magnetron plasma sputtering source Ayesh, A. I.; Qamhieh, N.; Ghamlouche, H. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 107, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3296131	journal	February 2010
Deposition of Size-Selected Cu Nanoparticles by Inert Gas Condensation Gracia-Pinilla, M.; Martínez, E.; Vidaurri, G. Silva Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9462-z	journal	November 2009
Controlled Formation of Mass-Selected Cu–Au Core–Shell Cluster Beams Yin, Feng; Wang, Zhi Wei; Palmer, Richard E. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja201218n	journal	July 2011
Tuning structural motifs and alloying of bulk immiscible Mo–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles by gas-phase synthesis Krishnan, Gopi; Verheijen, Marcel A.; ten Brink, Gert H. Nanoscale, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr00565h	journal	January 2013
Size-selected clusters as heterogeneous model catalysts under applied reaction conditions Kunz, Sebastian; Hartl, Katrin; Nesselberger, Markus Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp00288g	journal	January 2010
Strong Effects of Cluster Size and Air Exposure on Oxygen Reduction and Carbon Oxidation Electrocatalysis by Size-Selected Pt _n ( n ≤ 11) on Glassy Carbon Electrodes Proch, Sebastian; Wirth, Mark; White, Henry S. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja309868z	journal	February 2013
Stability and electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction in WC + Ta catalyst Lee, Kunchan; Ishihara, Akimitsu; Mitsushima, Shigenori Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 49, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2004.03.018	journal	September 2004
Au@Void@TiO2 yolk–shell nanostructures as catalysts for the promotion of oxidation reactions at cryogenic temperatures Lee, Ilkeun; Joo, Ji Bong; Yin, Yadong Surface Science, Vol. 648 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2015.10.008	journal	June 2016
Graphene-Supported Ultrafine Metal Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Mesoporous Silica: Robust Catalysts for Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Shang, Lu; Bian, Tong; Zhang, Baihui Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201306863	journal	November 2013
Graphene-Supported Ultrafine Metal Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Mesoporous Silica: Robust Catalysts for Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Shang, Lu; Bian, Tong; Zhang, Baihui Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 126, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201306863	journal	November 2013
Stabilization of Platinum Oxygen-Reduction Electrocatalysts Using Gold Clusters. Zhang, J.; Sasaki, K.; Sutter, E. ChemInform, Vol. 38, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200715011	journal	April 2007

Cited By (4)

Von isolierten Ionen zu mehrschichtigen funktionellen Materialien durch sanfte Landung von Ionen Laskin, Julia; Johnson, Grant E.; Warneke, Jonas Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201712296	journal	November 2018
From Isolated Ions to Multilayer Functional Materials Using Ion Soft Landing Laskin, Julia; Johnson, Grant E.; Warneke, Jonas Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201712296	journal	November 2018
Magnetron-sputtered copper nanoparticles: lost in gas aggregation and found by in situ X-ray scattering Kousal, Jaroslav; Shelemin, Artem; Schwartzkopf, Matthias Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06155f	journal	January 2018
Magnetron-sputtered copper nanoparticles: lost in gas aggregation and found by in situ X-ray scattering Kousal, Jaroslav; Shelemin, Artem; Schwartzkopf, Matthias Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2018-03802	text	January 2018

Similar Records

Soft Landing of Bare PtRu Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen

Journal Article · Fri Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Nanoscale, 7(29):12379-12391 · OSTI ID:1339839

Johnson, Grant E.; Colby, Robert J.; Engelhard, Mark H.; +2 more

Soft Landing of Bare Nanoparticles with Controlled Size, Composition, and Morphology

Journal Article · Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Nanoscale, (8):3491-3503 · OSTI ID:1339839

Johnson, Grant E.; Colby, Robert J.; Laskin, Julia

Interpretation of x-ray photoelectron spectra of elastic amorphous carbon nitride thin films

Journal Article · Sat May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1999 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:1339839

Holloway, B C; Kraft, O; Shuh, D K; +4 more

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Ions and properties
Catalyst
Transmission electron microscopy
Transition metal carbides
Sputter deposition
Magnetron sputtering
Catalysis
Atomic force microscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Nanoparticles

Title: Fabrication of electrocatalytic Ta nanoparticles by reactive sputtering and ion soft landing

Citation Formats

References (99)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects