Rapid surface hardening and enhanced tribological performance of 4140 steel by friction stir processing

Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta; Ajayi, Oyelayo O.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.052

Rapid surface hardening and enhanced tribological performance of 4140 steel by friction stir processing

Journal Article · Sat Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Wear

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.052· OSTI ID:1338951

Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta ^[1]; Ajayi, Oyelayo O. ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Tribological performance of steel materials can be substantially enhanced by various thermal surface hardening processes. For relatively low-carbon steel alloys, case carburization is often used to improve surface performance and durability. If the carbon content of steel is high enough (>0.4%), thermal treatments such as induction, flame, laser, etc. can produce adequate surface hardening without the need for surface compositional change. This paper presents an experimental study of the use of friction stir processing (FSP) as a means to hardened surface layer in AISI 4140 steel. The impacts of this surface hardening process on the friction and wear performance were evaluated under both dry and lubricated contact conditions in reciprocating sliding. FSP produced the same level of hardening and superior tribological performance when compared to conventional thermal treatment, using only 10% of the energy and without the need for quenching treatments. With FSP surface hardness of about 7.8 GPa (62 Rc) was achieved while water quenching conventional heat treatment produced about 7.5 GPa (61 Rc) hardness. Microstructural analysis showed that both FSP and conventional heat treatment produced martensite. Although the friction behavior for FSP treated surfaces and the conventional heat treatment were about the same, the wear in FSP processed surfaces was reduced by almost 2× that of conventional heat treated surfaces. Furthermore, the superior performance is attributed to the observed grain refinement accompanying the FSP treatment in addition to the formation of martensite. As it relates to tribological performance, this study shows FSP to be an effective, highly energy efficient, and environmental friendly (green) alternative to conventional heat treatment for steel.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1338951

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1247023

Journal Information:: Wear, Journal Name: Wear Journal Issue: C Vol. 332-333; ISSN 0043-1648

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Recent Development in Friction Stir Processing as a Solid-State Grain Refinement Technique: Microstructural Evolution and Property Enhancement Patel, Vivek; Li, Wenya; Vairis, Achilles Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, Vol. 44, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2018.1490251	journal	July 2019
Effect of heat treatment on surface hardness and tribological behavior of XC38 steel—approach by the experiments plans Bourebia, M.; Meddah, S.; Hamadache, H. Materials Research Express, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab1728	journal	April 2019
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Improvement Effect of Green Lubricants on the Tribological and Mechanical Performance of 4140 Steel Hernández-Sierra, María T.; Bravo-Sánchez, Micael G.; Báez, José E. Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224896	journal	November 2019
Effect of Tip Shape of Frictional Stir Burnishing Tool on Processed Layer’s Hardness, Residual Stress and Surface Roughness Takada, Yoshimasa; Sasahara, Hiroyuki Coatings, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8010032	journal	January 2018

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
FSP
friction
grain refinement
phase transformation
surface hardening
wear

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