Cosmos Redshift 7 is an Active Black Hole

Smidt, Joseph Michael; Wiggins, Brandon Kerry; Johnson, Jarrett L.

doi:10.3847/2041-8205/829/1/L6

Title: Cosmos Redshift 7 is an Active Black Hole

Journal Article · Wed Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/829/1/L6· OSTI ID:1338773

Smidt, Joseph Michael ^[1]; Wiggins, Brandon Kerry ^[2]; Johnson, Jarrett L. ^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT (United States)

We present the first ab initio cosmological simulations of a CR7-like object which approximately reproduce the observed line widths and strengths. In our model, CR7 is powered by a massive (3:23 107 M ) black hole (BH) the accretion rate of which varies between ' 0.25 and ' 0.9 times the Eddington rate on timescales as short as 103 yr. Our model takes into account multi-dimensional effects, X-ray feedback, secondary ionizations and primordial chemistry. We estimate Ly- line widths by post-processing simulation output with Monte Carlo radiative transfer and calculate emissivity contributions from radiative recombination and collisional excitation. We find the luminosities in the Lyman- and He II 1640 angstrom lines to be 5:0 10⁴⁴ and 2:4 10⁴³ erg s^-1, respectively, in agreement with the observed values of > 8:3 10⁴³ and 2:0 10⁴³ erg s^-1. We also find that the black hole heats the halo and renders it unable to produce stars as required to keep the halo metal free. These results demonstrate the viability of the BH hypothesis for CR7 in a cosmological context. Assuming the BH mass and accretion rate that we find, we estimate the synchrotron luminosity of CR7 to be P ' 10⁴⁰ - 10⁴¹ erg s^-1, which is sufficiently luminous to be observed in Jy observations and would discriminate this scenario from one where the luminosity is driven by Population III stars.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1338773

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-16-21373; TRN: US1701639

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online), Vol. 829, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-8213

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 18 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (45)

The First Billion Years project: birthplaces of direct collapse black holes Agarwal, Bhaskar; Dalla Vecchia, Claudio; Johnson, Jarrett L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 443, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1112	journal	July 2014
Detecting direct collapse black holes: making the case for CR7 Agarwal, Bhaskar; Johnson, Jarrett L.; Zackrisson, Erik Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 460, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1173	journal	May 2016
THE INHOMOGENEOUS BACKGROUND OF H ₂ -DISSOCIATING RADIATION DURING COSMIC REIONIZATION Ahn, Kyungjin; Shapiro, Paul R.; Iliev, Ilian T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 695, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1430	journal	April 2009
Songlines from Direct Collapse seed Black Holes: Effects of X-Rays on Black hole Growth and Stellar Populations Aykutalp, Aycin; Wise, John H.; Spaans, Marco The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 797, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/139	journal	December 2014
Identifying Lyman α emitters powered by AGNs Baek, Sunghye; Ferrara, Andrea Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 432, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slt023	journal	March 2013
Ly-α and Mg II as Probes of Galaxies and Their Environment Barnes, Luke A.; Garel, Thibault; Kacprzak, Glenn G. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 126, Issue 945 https://doi.org/10.1086/679178	journal	November 2014
Generic Spectrum and Ionization Efficiency of a Heavy Initial Mass Function for the First Stars Bromm, Volker; Kudritzki, Rolf P.; Loeb, Abraham The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 552, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/320549	journal	May 2001
Enzo: an Adaptive mesh Refinement code for Astrophysics Bryan, Greg L.; Norman, Michael L.; O'Shea, Brian W. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 211, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/211/2/19	journal	March 2014
A Relationship Between agn jet Power and Radio Power Cavagnolo, K. W.; McNamara, B. R.; Nulsen, P. E. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 720, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/720/2/1066	journal	August 2010
Radio Emission from Normal Galaxies Condon, J. J. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.30.090192.003043	journal	September 1992
Self-regulated black hole growth via momentum deposition in galaxy merger simulations: Self-regulated black hole feedback DeBuhr, Jackson; Quataert, Eliot; Ma, Chung-Pei Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00881.x	journal	June 2010
Lyα Emitting Galaxies as a Probe of Reionisation Dijkstra, Mark Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Vol. 31 https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2014.33	journal	January 2014
LY α SIGNATURES FROM DIRECT COLLAPSE BLACK HOLES Dijkstra, Mark; Gronke, Max; Sobral, David The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 823, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/74	journal	May 2016
Fluctuations in the high-redshift Lyman-Werner background: close halo pairs as the origin of supermassive black holes Dijkstra, Mark; Haiman, Zoltán; Mesinger, Andrei Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 391, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14031.x	journal	December 2008
Multi-scale initial conditions for cosmological simulations: Multi-scale initial conditions Hahn, Oliver; Abel, Tom Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 415, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18820.x	journal	July 2011
The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes Haiman, Zoltán The First Galaxies https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6	book	September 2012
Exploring the nature of the Lyman-α emitter CR7 Hartwig, Tilman; Latif, Muhammad A.; Magg, Mattis Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 462, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1775	journal	July 2016
The non-linear dependence of flux on black hole mass and accretion rate in core-dominated jets Heinz, S.; Sunyaev, R. A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 343, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06918.x	journal	August 2003
Effect of cosmic ray/X-ray ionization on supermassive black hole formation: CR/X-ray effect on SMBH formation Inayoshi, Kohei; Omukai, Kazuyuki Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 416, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19229.x	journal	August 2011
Synchrotron radio emission in radio-quiet AGNs Ishibashi, W.; Courvoisier, T. J. -L. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 525 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014987	journal	December 2010
Population III star clusters in the reionized Universe Johnson, Jarrett L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16351.x	journal	March 2010
Accretion on to black holes formed by direct collapse: Accretion on to black holes Johnson, Jarrett L.; Khochfar, Sadegh; Greif, Thomas H. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 410, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17491.x	journal	September 2010
The first miniquasar: The first miniquasar Kuhlen, Michael; Madau, Piero Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 363, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09522.x	journal	September 2005
The Association of Jet Production with Geometrically Thick Accretion Flows and Black Hole Rotation Meier, D. L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 548, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/318921	journal	February 2001
A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity Merloni, A.; Heinz, S.; Di Matteo, T. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 345, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x	journal	November 2003
He ii Recombination Lines from the First Luminous Objects Oh, S. Peng; Haiman, Zoltan; Rees, Martin J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 553, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/320650	journal	May 2001
The brightest Ly α emitter: Pop III or black hole? Pallottini, A.; Ferrara, A.; Pacucci, F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 453, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1795	journal	August 2015
The Direct Collapse of a Massive Black hole seed Under the Influence of an Anisotropic Lyman-Werner Source Regan, John A.; Johansson, Peter H.; Wise, John H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 795, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/137	journal	October 2014
Forming supermassive black hole seeds under the influence of a nearby anisotropic multifrequency source Regan, John A.; Johansson, Peter H.; Wise, John H. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 459, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw899	journal	April 2016
Positive or negative? The impact of X-ray feedback on the formation of direct collapse black hole seeds Regan, John A.; Johansson, Peter H.; Wise, John H. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 461, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1307	journal	June 2016
On the properties of massive Population III stars and metal-free stellar populations Schaerer, D. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 382, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20011619	journal	January 2002
Evidence for a direct collapse black hole in the Lyman α source CR7 Smith, Aaron; Bromm, Volker; Loeb, Abraham Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 460, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1129	journal	May 2016
EVIDENCE FOR PopIII-LIKE STELLAR POPULATIONS IN THE MOST LUMINOUS Ly α EMITTERS AT THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION: SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION Sobral, David; Matthee, Jorryt; Darvish, Behnam The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 808, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/139	journal	July 2015
Probing the First Stars with Hydrogen and Helium Recombination Emission Tumlinson, Jason; Giroux, Mark L.; Shull, J. Michael The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 550, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/319477	journal	March 2001
yt: A MULTI-CODE ANALYSIS TOOLKIT FOR ASTROPHYSICAL SIMULATION DATA Turk, Matthew J.; Smith, Britton D.; Oishi, Jeffrey S. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 192, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/9	journal	December 2010
The energy cascade from warm dark matter decays Valdés, M.; Ferrara, A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 387, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00471.x	journal	June 2008
From the first stars to the first black holes Valiante, Rosa; Schneider, Raffaella; Volonteri, Marta Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 457, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw225	journal	January 2016
Direct collapse black hole formation from synchronized pairs of atomic cooling haloes Visbal, Eli; Haiman, Zoltán; Bryan, Greg L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1794	journal	October 2014
Formation of massive Population III galaxies through photoionization feedback: a possible explanation for CR 7 Visbal, Eli; Haiman, Zoltán; Bryan, Greg L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 460, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw071	journal	April 2016
The Formation and Evolution of Massive Black Holes Volonteri, M. Science, Vol. 337, Issue 6094 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1220843	journal	August 2012
A portable parallel particle program Warren, Michael S.; Salmon, John K. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 87, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(94)00177-4	journal	May 1995
Radiation Hydrodynamic Evolution of Primordial H ii Regions Whalen, Daniel; Abel, Tom; Norman, Michael L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 610, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/421548	journal	July 2004
enzo+moray: radiation hydrodynamics adaptive mesh refinement simulations with adaptive ray tracing: AMR simulations with adaptive ray tracing Wise, John H.; Abel, Tom Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 414, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18646.x	journal	May 2011
Probing Galaxy Formation with He ii Cooling Lines Yang, Yujin; Zabludoff, Ann I.; Dave, Romeel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 640, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/497898	journal	April 2006
Monte Carlo Simulation of Lyα Scattering and Application to Damped Lyα Systems Zheng, Zheng; Miralda‐Escude, Jordi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 578, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/342400	journal	October 2002

Cited By (14)

Titans of the early Universe: The Prato statement on the origin of the first supermassive black holes Woods, Tyrone E.; Agarwal, Bhaskar; Bromm, Volker Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Vol. 36 https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2019.14	journal	January 2019
Predicting Ly α escape fractions with a simple observable: Ly α in emission as an empirically calibrated star formation rate indicator Sobral, David; Matthee, Jorryt Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 623 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833075	journal	March 2019
The first supermassive black holes Smith, Aaron; Bromm, Volker; Loeb, Abraham Astronomy & Geophysics, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atx099	journal	June 2017
Lyman α radiation hydrodynamics of galactic winds before cosmic reionization Smith, Aaron; Bromm, Volker; Loeb, Abraham Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 464, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2591	journal	October 2016
Chasing the observational signatures of seed black holes at z > 7: candidate observability Valiante, Rosa; Schneider, Raffaella; Zappacosta, Luca Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty213	journal	January 2018
SILVERRUSH. III. Deep optical and near-infrared spectroscopy for Lyα and UV-nebular lines of bright Lyα emitters at z = 6–7†‡ Shibuya, Takatoshi; Ouchi, Masami; Harikane, Yuichi Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx107	journal	November 2017
BOOSTING LY α AND He ii λ 1640 LINE FLUXES FROM POPULATION III GALAXIES: STOCHASTIC IMF SAMPLING AND DEPARTURES FROM CASE-B Mas-Ribas, Lluís; Dijkstra, Mark; Forero-Romero, Jaime E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/1/65	journal	December 2016
The Location and Environments of Neutron Star Mergers in an Evolving Universe Wiggins, Brandon K.; Fryer, Christopher L.; Smidt, Joseph M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad2d4	journal	September 2018
Radiation Hydrodynamical Simulations of the First Quasars Smidt, Joseph; Whalen, Daniel J.; Johnson, Jarrett L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad7b8	journal	September 2018
Lyman-alpha radiation hydrodynamics of galactic winds before cosmic reionization Smith, Aaron; Bromm, Volker; Loeb, Abraham arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.07166	text	January 2016
The first supermassive black holes Smith, Aaron; Bromm, Volker; Loeb, Abraham arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.03083	text	January 2017
Chasing the observational signatures of seed black holes at z > 7: candidate observability Valiante, Rosa; Schneider, Raffaella; Zappacosta, Luca arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.08165	text	January 2018
The Location and Environments of Neutron Star Mergers in an Evolving Universe Wiggins, Brandon K.; Fryer, Christopher L.; Smidt, Joseph M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.02853	text	January 2018
Titans of the Early Universe: The Prato Statement on the Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes Woods, Tyrone E.; Agarwal, Bhaskar; Bromm, Volker arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.12310	text	January 2018

Similar Records

Lyα signatures from direct collapse black holes

Journal Article · Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1338773

Dijkstra, Mark; Gronke, Max; Sobral, David

BLACK HOLE MASSES OF INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT QUASARS: NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Journal Article · Sun May 10 00:00:00 EDT 2009 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1338773

Dietrich, Matthias; Mathur, Smita; Grupe, Dirk; +1 more

An X-ray-selected sample of candidate black holes in dwarf galaxies

Journal Article · Wed May 20 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1338773

Lemons, Sean M.; Reines, Amy E.; Plotkin, Richard M.; +1 more

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Galaxies

Title: Cosmos Redshift 7 is an Active Black Hole

Citation Formats

References (45)

Cited By (14)

Similar Records

Related Subjects