X-ray cavities in a sample of 83 SPT-selected clusters of galaxies: Tracing the evolution of AGN feedback in clusters of galaxies out to z = 1.2
Journal Article
·
· The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Univ. of Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Dept. of Physics; Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Dept. of Physics
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Astrophysics and Space Research
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics and Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics; Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Dept. of Physics; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP) and Dept. of Physics; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munich (Germany); Excellence Cluster Univ., Garching (Germany)
- Univ. of Missouri, Kansas City, MO (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Univ. of Melbourne (Australia). School of Physics
- Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States). Cetner for Education and Research in Cosmology and Astrophysics
- Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munich (Germany). Dept. of Physics
- Argelander Institute for Astronomy, Bonn (Germany)
- Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Inst., Daejeon (Korea)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States); Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States). Inst. for Astronomy
- Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munich (Germany); Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), La Serena (Chile)
X-ray cavities are key tracers of mechanical (or radio mode) heating arising from the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). Here, we report on a survey for X-ray cavities in 83 massive, high-redshift ($$0.4\lt z\lt 1.2$$) clusters of galaxies selected by their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signature in the South Pole Telescope data. Based on Chandra X-ray images, we find a total of six clusters having symmetric pairs of surface brightness depressions consistent with the picture of radio jets inflating X-ray cavities in the intracluster medium (ICM). Furthermore, the majority of these detections are of relatively low significance and require deeper follow-up data in order to be confirmed. Further, this search will miss small (<10 kpc) X-ray cavities that are unresolved by Chandra at high ($$z\gtrsim 0.5$$) redshift. Despite these limitations, our results suggest that the power generated by AGN feedback in BCGs has remained unchanged for over half of the age of the universe ($$\gt 7$$ Gyr at $$z\sim 0.8$$). On average, the detected X-ray cavities have powers of $$(0.8-5)\times {{10}^{45}}\ {\rm erg}\ {{{\rm s}}^{-1}}$$, enthalpies of $$(3-6)\times {{10}^{59}}\ {\rm erg}$$, and radii of ~17 kpc. Integrating over 7 Gyr, we find that the supermassive black holes in BCGs may have accreted 108 to several $${{10}^{9}}\;{{M}_{\odot }}$$ of material to power these outflows. This level of accretion indicates that significant supermassive black hole growth may occur not only at early times, in the quasar era, but at late times as well. We also find that X-ray cavities at high redshift may inject an excess heat of 0.1–1.0 keV per particle into the hot ICM above and beyond the energy needed to offset cooling. Though our result needs to be confirmed, we note that the magnitude of excess heating is similar to the energy needed to preheat clusters, break self-similarity, and explain the excess entropy in hot atmospheres.
- Research Organization:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; AC02-76SF00515
- OSTI ID:
- 1336376
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1326609
OSTI ID: 1339659
OSTI ID: 22883194
- Report Number(s):
- SLAC-PUB--16762
- Journal Information:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 805; ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Xray cavities in a sample of 83 SPT-selected clusters galaxies. Tracing the evolution of AGN feedback in clusters of galaxies out to z=1.2
X-ray cavities in a sample of 83 SPT-selected clusters of galaxies. Tracing the evolution of AGN feedback in clusters of galaxies out to z = 1.2
X-ray cavities in a sample of 83 SPT-selected clusters of galaxies: Tracing the evolution of AGN feedback in clusters of galaxies out to z = 1.2
Journal Article
·
Mon May 18 00:00:00 EDT 2015
· The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
·
OSTI ID:1326609
X-ray cavities in a sample of 83 SPT-selected clusters of galaxies. Tracing the evolution of AGN feedback in clusters of galaxies out to z = 1.2
Journal Article
·
Mon May 18 00:00:00 EDT 2015
· The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
·
OSTI ID:1339659
X-ray cavities in a sample of 83 SPT-selected clusters of galaxies: Tracing the evolution of AGN feedback in clusters of galaxies out to z = 1.2
Journal Article
·
Wed May 20 00:00:00 EDT 2015
· Astrophysical Journal
·
OSTI ID:22883194