Imaging Taurine in the Central Nervous System Using Chemically Specific X-ray Fluorescence Imaging at the Sulfur K-Edge

Hackett, Mark J.; Paterson, Phyllis G.; Pickering, Ingrid J.; George, Graham N.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02298

Title: Imaging Taurine in the Central Nervous System Using Chemically Specific X-ray Fluorescence Imaging at the Sulfur K-Edge

Journal Article · Tue Oct 04 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Analytical Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02298· OSTI ID:1335974

Hackett, Mark J. ^[1]; Paterson, Phyllis G. ^[2]; Pickering, Ingrid J. ^[2]; George, Graham N. ^[2]

Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada); Curin Univ., Pert, WA (Australia)
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)

A method to image taurine distributions within the central nervous system and other organs has long been sought. Since taurine is small and mobile, it cannot be chemically “tagged” and imaged using conventional immuno-histochemistry methods. Combining numerous indirect measurements, taurine is known to play critical roles in brain function during health and disease and is proposed to act as a neuro-osmolyte, neuro-modulator, and possibly a neuro-transmitter. Elucidation of taurine’s neurochemical roles and importance would be substantially enhanced by a direct method to visualize alterations, due to physiological and pathological events in the brain, in the local concentration of taurine at or near cellular spatial resolution in vivo or in situ in tissue sections. We thus have developed chemically specific X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) at the sulfur K-edge to image the sulfonate group in taurine in situ in ex vivo tissue sections. To our knowledge, this represents the first undistorted imaging of taurine distribution in brain at 20 μm resolution. We report quantitative technique validation by imaging taurine in the cerebellum and hippocampus regions of the rat brain. Further, we apply the technique to image taurine loss from the vulnerable CA1 (cornus ammonis 1) sector of the rat hippocampus following global brain ischemia. Furthermore, the location-specific loss of taurine from CA1 but not CA3 neurons following ischemia reveals osmotic stress may be a key factor in delayed neurodegeneration after a cerebral ischemic insult and highlights the significant potential of chemically specific XFI to study the role of taurine in brain disease.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1335974

Journal Information:: Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 88, Issue 22; ISSN 0003-2700

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 14 works

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