Simultaneous classical communication and quantum key distribution using continuous variables

Qi, Bing

doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.042340

Simultaneous classical communication and quantum key distribution using continuous variables

Journal Article · Wed Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Physical Review A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.94.042340· OSTI ID:1330538

Qi, Bing ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); The Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Currently, classical optical communication systems employing strong laser pulses and quantum key distribution (QKD) systems working at single-photon levels are very different communication modalities. Dedicated devices are commonly required to implement QKD. In this paper, we propose a scheme which allows classical communication and QKD to be implemented simultaneously using the same communication infrastructure. More specially, we propose a coherent communication scheme where both the bits for classical communication and the Gaussian distributed random numbers for QKD are encoded on the same weak coherent pulse and decoded by the same coherent receiver. Simulation results based on practical system parameters show that both deterministic classical communication with a bit error rate of 10^–9 and secure key distribution could be achieved over tens of kilometers of single-mode fibers. It is conceivable that in the future coherent optical communication network, QKD will be operated in the background of classical communication at a minimal cost.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: ORNL LDRD Director's R&D; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1330538

Journal Information:: Physical Review A, Journal Name: Physical Review A Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 94; ISSN PLRAAN; ISSN 2469-9926

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (45)

The Capacity of a Quantum Channel for Simultaneous Transmission of Classical and Quantum Information Devetak, I.; Shor, P. W. Communications in Mathematical Physics, Vol. 256, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-005-1317-6	journal	March 2005
Quantum cryptography Zbinden, H.; Bechmann-Pasquinucci, H.; Gisin, N. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, Vol. 67, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003400050574	journal	December 1998
Quantum key distribution using gaussian-modulated coherent states Grosshans, Frédéric; Van Assche, Gilles; Wenger, Jérôme Nature, Vol. 421, Issue 6920 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01289	journal	January 2003
Experimental demonstration of long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution Jouguet, Paul; Kunz-Jacques, Sébastien; Leverrier, Anthony Nature Photonics, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.63	journal	April 2013
Secure quantum key distribution Lo, Hoi-Kwong; Curty, Marcos; Tamaki, Kiyoshi Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.149	journal	July 2014
Long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution by controlling excess noise Huang, Duan; Huang, Peng; Lin, Dakai Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19201	journal	January 2016
Feasibility of quantum key distribution through a dense wavelength division multiplexing network Qi, Bing; Zhu, Wen; Qian, Li New Journal of Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/10/103042	journal	October 2010
A balanced homodyne detector for high-rate Gaussian-modulated coherent-state quantum key distribution Chi, Yue-Meng; Qi, Bing; Zhu, Wen New Journal of Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/13/1/013003	journal	January 2011
Atmospheric continuous-variable quantum communication Heim, B.; Peuntinger, C.; Killoran, N. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/11/113018	journal	November 2014
Coexistence of continuous variable QKD with intense DWDM classical channels Kumar, Rupesh; Qin, Hao; Alléaume, Romain New Journal of Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/4/043027	journal	April 2015
Continuous variable quantum cryptography Ralph, T. C. Physical Review A, Vol. 61, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.61.010303	journal	December 1999
Quantum cryptography with squeezed states Hillery, Mark Physical Review A, Vol. 61, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.61.022309	journal	January 2000
Quantum key distribution over 25 km with an all-fiber continuous-variable system Lodewyck, Jérôme; Bloch, Matthieu; García-Patrón, Raúl Physical Review A, Vol. 76, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.76.042305	journal	October 2007
Experimental study on the Gaussian-modulated coherent-state quantum key distribution over standard telecommunication fibers Qi, Bing; Huang, Lei-Lei; Qian, Li Physical Review A, Vol. 76, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.76.052323	journal	November 2007
Asymptotic security of binary modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution under collective attacks Zhao, Yi-Bo; Heid, Matthias; Rigas, Johannes Physical Review A, Vol. 79, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.79.012307	journal	January 2009
Analysis of imperfections in practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution Jouguet, Paul; Kunz-Jacques, Sébastien; Diamanti, Eleni Physical Review A, Vol. 86, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.86.032309	journal	September 2012
Quantum hacking: Saturation attack on practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution Qin, Hao; Kumar, Rupesh; Alléaume, Romain Physical Review A, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.94.012325	journal	July 2016
Unconditional Security Proof of Long-Distance Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Discrete Modulation Leverrier, Anthony; Grangier, Philippe Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.180504	journal	May 2009
Information Trade-Offs for Optical Quantum Communication Wilde, Mark M.; Hayden, Patrick; Guha, Saikat Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.140501	journal	April 2012
Composable Security Proof for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Coherent States Leverrier, Anthony Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.070501	journal	February 2015
Quantum cryptography based on Bell’s theorem Ekert, Artur K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 67, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.661	journal	August 1991
Quantum Cryptography Without Switching Weedbrook, Christian; Lance, Andrew M.; Bowen, Warwick P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.170504	journal	October 2004
Experimental Quantum Key Distribution with Decoy States Zhao, Yi; Qi, Bing; Ma, Xiongfeng Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.070502	journal	February 2006
Generating the Local Oscillator “Locally” in Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Based on Coherent Detection Qi, Bing; Lougovski, Pavel; Pooser, Raphael Physical Review X, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.041009	journal	October 2015
Self-Referenced Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Soh, Daniel B. S.; Brif, Constantin; Coles, Patrick J. Physical Review X, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.041010	journal	October 2015
Quantum cryptography Gisin, Nicolas; Ribordy, Grégoire; Tittel, Wolfgang Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 74, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.145	journal	March 2002
The security of practical quantum key distribution Scarani, Valerio; Bechmann-Pasquinucci, Helle; Cerf, Nicolas J. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1301	journal	September 2009
Fundamentals of Coherent Optical Fiber Communications Kikuchi, Kazuro Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2015.2463719	journal	January 2016
Forward error correction for 100 G transport networks Chang, Frank; Onohara, Kiyoshi; Mizuochi, Takashi IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 48, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2010.5434378	journal	March 2010
Quantum cryptography Imoto, N. Technical Digest. CLEO/Pacific Rim '99. Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Cat. No.99TH8464) https://doi.org/10.1109/cleopr.1999.811587	conference	January 1999
Optical homodyne PSK demonstration of 1.5 photons per bit at 156 Mbps with rate-½ turbo coding Stevens, M. L.; Caplan, D. O.; Robinson, B. S. Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.010412	journal	January 2008
High-speed continuous-variable quantum key distribution without sending a local oscillator Huang, Duan; Huang, Peng; Lin, Dakai Optics Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.40.003695	journal	January 2015
Field demonstration of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution network Huang, Duan; Huang, Peng; Li, Huasheng Optics Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.41.003511	journal	January 2016
Distributing Secret Keys with Quantum Continuous Variables: Principle, Security and Implementations Diamanti, Eleni; Leverrier, Anthony Entropy, Vol. 17, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/e17096072	journal	August 2015
The Security of Practical Quantum Key Distribution Scarani, Valerio; Bechmann-Pasquinucci, Helle; Cerf, Nicolas J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0802.4155	text	January 2008
Unconditional security proof of long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation Leverrier, Anthony; Grangier, Philippe arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0812.4246	text	January 2008
Information trade-offs for optical quantum communication Wilde, Mark M.; Hayden, Patrick; Guha, Saikat arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1206.4886	text	January 2012
Coexistence of continuous variable QKD with intense DWDM classical channels Kumar, Rupesh; Qin, Hao; Alléaume, Romain arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1412.1403	text	January 2014
Self-referenced continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol Soh, Daniel B. S.; Brif, Constantin; Coles, Patrick J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1503.04763	text	January 2015
Secure Quantum Key Distribution Lo, Hoi-Kwong; Curty, Marcos; Tamaki, Kiyoshi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.05303	text	January 2015
Quantum hacking: saturation attack on practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution Qin, Hao; Kumar, Rupesh; Alléaume, Romain arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1511.01007	text	January 2015
Quantum key distribution using gaussian-modulated coherent states Grosshans, F.; Van Assche, G.; Wenger, J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0312016	text	January 2003
Quantum Cryptography without Switching Weedbrook, Christian; Lance, Andrew M.; Bowen, Warwick P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0405105	text	January 2004
Experimental Quantum Key Distribution with Decoy States Zhao, Yi; Qi, Bing; Ma, Xiongfeng arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0503192	text	January 2005
Quantum cryptography with squeezed states Hillery, Mark arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9909006	text	January 1999

Cited By (11)

Experimental demonstration of single-shot quantum and classical signal transmission on single wavelength optical pulse Kumar, Rupesh; Wonfor, Adrian; Penty, Richard Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47699-z	journal	August 2019
Security bound of continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with imperfect phase reference calibration Ma, Hong-Xin; Huang, Peng; Wang, Tao Physical Review A, Vol. 100, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.100.052330	journal	November 2019
Simultaneous two-way classical communication and measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with coherent states Pan, Dong; Ng, Soon Xin; Ruan, Dong Physical Review A, Vol. 101, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.101.012343	journal	January 2020
Self-coherent phase reference sharing for continuous-variable quantum key distribution Marie, Adrien; Alléaume, Romain Physical Review A, Vol. 95, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.95.012316	journal	January 2017
Carrier-phase estimation for simultaneous quantum key distribution and classical communication using a real local oscillator Wang, Tao; Huang, Peng; Wang, Shiyu Physical Review A, Vol. 99, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.99.022318	journal	February 2019
Noise Analysis of Simultaneous Quantum Key Distribution and Classical Communication Scheme Using a True Local Oscillator Qi, Bing; Lim, Charles Ci Wen Physical Review Applied, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.9.054008	journal	May 2018
Experimental demonstration of single-shot quantum and classical signal transmission on single wavelength optical pulse Kumar, Rupesh; Wonfor, Adrian; Penty, Richard Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.42109	text	January 2019
Experimental demonstration of single-shot quantum and classical signal transmission on single wavelength optical pulse Kumar, Rupesh; Wonfor, Adrian; Penty, Richard Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.55723	text	January 2019
Simultaneous Classical Communication and Quantum Key Distribution Based on Plug-and-Play Configuration with an Optical Amplifier Wu, Xiaodong; Wang, Yijun; Liao, Qin Entropy, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/e21040333	journal	March 2019
Self-coherent phase reference sharing for continuous-variable quantum key distribution Marie, Adrien; Alléaume, Romain arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1605.03642	text	January 2016
Security bound of continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with imperfect phase reference calibration Ma, Hong-Xin; Huang, Peng; Wang, Tao arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.09786	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Simultaneous classical and quantum communication scheme based on coherent detection

Patent · Mon Mar 08 23:00:00 EST 2021 · OSTI ID:1805617

Experimental multiplexing of quantum key distribution with classical optical communication

Journal Article · Sun Feb 22 23:00:00 EST 2015 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:22412678

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS

Simultaneous classical communication and quantum key distribution using continuous variables

Citation Formats

References (45)

Cited By (11)

Similar Records

Related Subjects