Supervisory Control of Loads and Energy Storage in Next-Generation Zero Energy Buildings

Technical Report · Thu Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 2016

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/1325932· OSTI ID:1325932

Kung, Feitau ^[1]; Frank, Stephen ^[1]; Scheib, Jennifer ^[1]; Bernal Heredia, Willy ^[1]; Pless, Shanti ^[1]

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1. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

A zero energy building (ZEB)—also known as a net zero energy or zero net energy building—is a building that exports as much renewable energy as the total energy it imports from other sources on an annual basis (DOE 2015). Large-scale and commercially viable ZEBs are now in the marketplace, and they are expected to become a larger share of the commercial building footprint as government and private sector policies continue to promote the development of buildings that produce more on-site energy than they use. However, the load profiles of ZEBs are currently perceived by electric utilities to be unfavorable and unpredictable. As shown in Figure ES-1, ZEB load profiles can have abrupt changes in magnitude, at times switching rapidly between exporting and importing electricity. This is a challenge for utilities, which are responsible for constantly balancing electricity supply and demand across the grid. Addressing these concerns will require new strategies and tools.

• Research Organization: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• DOE Contract Number: AC36-08GO28308
• OSTI ID: 1325932
• Report Number(s): NREL/TP--5500-67007
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
controller
energy storage
simulation
supervisory control
whole-building energy model
zero energy building