Secondary electron emission from lithium and lithium compounds

Capece, A. M.; Patino, M. I.; Raitses, Y.; Koel, B. E.

doi:10.1063/1.4955461

Secondary electron emission from lithium and lithium compounds

Journal Article · Wed Jul 06 00:00:00 UTC 2016 · Applied Physics Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4955461· OSTI ID:1305393

^[1]; Patino, M. I. ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]

Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ (United States)
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)

In this work, measurements of electron-induced secondary electron emission ( SEE) yields of lithium as a function of composition are presented. The results are particularly relevant for magnetic fusion devices such as tokamaks, field-reversed configurations, and stellarators that consider Li as a plasma-facing material for improved plasma confinement. SEE can reduce the sheath potential at the wall and cool electrons at the plasma edge, resulting in large power losses. These effects become significant as the SEE coefficient, γ_e, approaches one, making it imperative to maintain a low yield surface. This work demonstrates that the yield from Li strongly depends on chemical composition and substantially increases after exposure to oxygen and water vapor. The total yield was measured using a retarding field analyzer in ultrahigh vacuum for primary electron energies of 20-600 eV. The effect of Li composition was determined by introducing controlled amounts of O₂ and H₂O vapor while monitoring film composition with Auger electron spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption. The results show that the energy at which γ_e = 1 decreases with oxygen content and is 145 eV for a Li film that is 17% oxidized and drops to less than 25 eV for a fully oxidized film. This work has important implications for laboratory plasmas operating under realistic vacuum conditions in which oxidation significantly alters the electron emission properties of Li walls. Published by AIP Publishing.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) (SC-24)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466; SC0012890

OSTI ID:: 1305393

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 22590631
OSTI ID: 1260430

Journal Information:: Applied Physics Letters, Journal Name: Applied Physics Letters Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 109; ISSN APPLAB; ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (35)

CASINO V2.42—A Fast and Easy-to-use Modeling Tool for Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis Users Drouin, Dominique; Couture, Alexandre Réal; Joly, Dany Scanning, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/sca.20000	journal	January 2007
Secondary electron emission from solid surface in an oblique magnetic field Mizoshita, S.; Shiraishi, K.; Ohno, N. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 220-222 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(94)00509-5	journal	April 1995
An XPS study of the adsorption of oxygen and water vapor on clean lithium films Hoenigman, J. R.; Keil, R. G. Applications of Surface Science, Vol. 18, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5963(84)90045-X	journal	May 1984
Attenuation of secondary electron emission from divertor plates due to magnetic field inclination Igitkhanov, Yu.; Janeschitz, G. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 290-293 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00560-2	journal	March 2001
Measurements of secondary electron emission for fusion related materials Pedgley, J. M.; McCracken, G. M.; Farhang, H. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 196-198 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(06)80194-7	journal	December 1992
Secondary electron emission Bruining, H.; De Boer, J. H. Physica, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-8914(38)80103-8	journal	January 1938
Vacuum chamber surface electronic properties influencing electron cloud phenomena Cimino, R.; Collins, I. R. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 235, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.05.270	journal	July 2004
Plasma facing surface composition during NSTX Li experiments Skinner, C. H.; Sullenberger, R.; Koel, B. E. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 438 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.136	journal	July 2013
Anomalous secondary electron emission of metallic surfaces exposed to a Glow Discharge plasma Oyarzabal, E.; Martín-Rojo, A. B.; Ferreira, J. A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 438 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.170	journal	July 2013
Electron-induced secondary electron emission coefficient of lithium, tungsten and stainless steel surfaces exposed to low-pressure plasmas Oyarzabal, E.; Martin-Rojo, A. B.; Tabarés, F. L. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 452, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.04.046	journal	September 2014
Growth and decomposition of lithium and lithium hydride on nickel Engbæk, Jakob; Nielsen, Gunver; Nielsen, Jane H. Surface Science, Vol. 600, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.01.040	journal	April 2006
Charge transport in lithium peroxide: relevance for rechargeable metal–air batteries Radin, Maxwell D.; Siegel, Donald J. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee41632a	journal	January 2013
Plasma-sheath instability in Hall thrusters due to periodic modulation of the energy of secondary electrons in cyclotron motion Sydorenko, D.; Smolyakov, A.; Kaganovich, I. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2918333	journal	May 2008
Electrical conductivity in Li ₂ O ₂ and its role in determining capacity limitations in non-aqueous Li-O ₂ batteries Viswanathan, V.; Thygesen, K. S.; Hummelshøj, J. S. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 135, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3663385	journal	December 2011
Secondary electron emission and the bifurcation of the heat flux to the targets in fusion plasmas Lee, Wonjae; Krasheninnikov, Sergei I. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4835295	journal	December 2013
Suppression of secondary electron emission from the material surfaces with grazing incident magnetic field in the plasma Takamura, S.; Mizoshita, S.; Ohno, N. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 3, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.871962	journal	December 1996
Electron backscattering and secondary electron emission from carbon targets: comparison of experimental results with Monte Carlo simulations Farhang, H.; Napchan, E.; Blott, B. H. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 26, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/26/12/026	journal	December 1993
Analysis of secondary electron emission for conducting materials using 4-grid LEED/AES optics Patino, M. I.; Raitses, Y.; Koel, B. E. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/19/195204	journal	March 2015
Secondary electron emission from rough metal surfaces: a multi-generation model Cao, Meng; Zhang, Na; Hu, Tian-Cun Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/5/055501	journal	January 2015
Conference Report on the 2nd International Symposium on Lithium Applications for Fusion Devices Ono, M.; Bell, M. G.; Hirooka, Y. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/3/037001	journal	February 2012
Heat flow through a Langmuir sheath in the presence of electron emission Hobbs, G. D.; Wesson, J. A. Plasma Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0032-1028/9/1/410	journal	January 1967
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices Ghendrih, Philippe Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/43/2/702	journal	January 2001
Including the effect of secondary-electron emission at the divertor targets in code modelling Subba, F.; Tskhakaya, D.; Bürbaumer, H. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/1/306	journal	December 2001
Evidence for strong secondary electron emission in the tokamak scrape-off layer Gunn, J. P. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/54/8/085007	journal	June 2012
Charging of particles in a plasma Goree, J. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/3/3/025	journal	August 1994
Comparative study of secondary-electron emission from positron and electron bombardment of Ni, Si, and MgO Mayer, Rulon; Weiss, Alex Physical Review B, Vol. 38, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.38.11927	journal	December 1988
Can Low-Energy Electrons Affect High-Energy Physics Accelerators? Cimino, R.; Collins, I. R.; Furman, M. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.014801	journal	June 2004
Effect of Secondary Electron Emission on Electron Cross-Field Current in $E \times B$ Discharges Raitses, Y.; Kaganovich, I. D.; Khrabrov, A. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 39, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2011.2109403	journal	April 2011
Secondary electron emission Shroff, A. M.; Tonnerre, J. C. International Technical Digest on Electron Devices Meeting https://doi.org/10.1109/iedm.1989.74301	conference	January 1989
The application of the helicon source to plasma processing Perry, A. J. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.585611	journal	March 1991
Electron cloud in accelerators Cimino, Roberto; Demma, Theo International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 29, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X14300233	journal	June 2014
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices Stangeby, P. Series in Plasma Physics https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420033328	book	January 2000
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices Stangeby, Peter C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1887/0750305592	book	January 2000
Plasma-Sheath Instability in Hall Thrusters Due to Periodic Modulation of the Energy of Secondary Electrons in Cyclotron Motion Sydorenko, D.; Smolyakov, A.; Kaganovich, I. https://doi.org/10.2172/959391	report	April 2008
Charge transport in lithium peroxide: Relevance for rechargeable metal-air batteries Radin, Maxwell D.; Siegel, Donald J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1305.2904	text	January 2013

Cited By (3)

Are two plasma equilibrium states possible when the emission coefficient exceeds unity? Campanell, M. D.; Umansky, M. V. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4976856	journal	May 2017
Angular, temperature, and impurity effects on secondary electron emission from Ni(110) Patino, M. I.; Wirz, R. E.; Raitses, Y. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5025344	journal	September 2018
Potential Impacts of Liquid-Metal Plasma-Facing Components on Heating and Current Drive Actuators for a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility Wallace, G. M.; Kessel, C. E.; Hosea, J. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 76, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1629253	journal	July 2019

Similar Records

Secondary electron emission from lithium and lithium compounds

Journal Article · Mon Jul 04 04:00:00 UTC 2016 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:22590631

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Secondary electron emission from lithium and lithium compounds

Citation Formats

References (35)

Cited By (3)

Similar Records

Related Subjects