High cycle fatigue in the transmission electron microscope

Bufford, Daniel C.; Stauffer, Douglas; Mook, William M.; Syed Asif, S. A.; Boyce, Brad L.; Hattar, Khalid

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01560

High cycle fatigue in the transmission electron microscope

Journal Article · Tue Jun 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01560· OSTI ID:1271014

Bufford, Daniel C. ^[1]; Stauffer, Douglas ^[2]; Mook, William M. ^[1]; Syed Asif, S. A. ^[2]; Boyce, Brad L. ^[1]; Hattar, Khalid ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Hysitron, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN (United States)

One of the most common causes of structural failure in metals is fatigue induced by cyclic loading. Historically, microstructure-level analysis of fatigue cracks has primarily been performed post mortem. However, such investigations do not directly reveal the internal structural processes at work near micro- and nanoscale fatigue cracks and thus do not provide direct evidence of active microstructural mechanisms. In this paper, the tension–tension fatigue behavior of nanocrystalline Cu was monitored in real time at the nanoscale by utilizing a new capability for quantitative cyclic mechanical loading performed in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Controllable loads were applied at frequencies from one to several hundred hertz, enabling accumulations of 10⁶ cycles within 1 h. The nanometer-scale spatial resolution of the TEM allows quantitative fatigue crack growth studies at very slow crack growth rates, measured here at ~10^–12 m·cycle^–1. This represents an incipient threshold regime that is well below the tensile yield stress and near the minimum conditions for fatigue crack growth. Evidence of localized deformation and grain growth within 150 nm of the crack tip was observed by both standard imaging and precession electron diffraction orientation mapping. Finally, these observations begin to reveal with unprecedented detail the local microstructural processes that govern damage accumulation, crack nucleation, and crack propagation during fatigue loading in nanocrystalline Cu.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Contributing Organization:: Hysitron, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN (United States)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000; FG02-04ER83979; FG02-07ER84813

OSTI ID:: 1271014

Report Number(s):: SAND2016--6822J; 645284

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Journal Name: Nano Letters; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (44)

Direct observation of the thickness effect on critical crack tip opening displacement in freestanding copper submicron-films by in situ electron microscopy fracture toughness testing Hirakata, Hiroyuki; Takeda, Yuki; Kondo, Toshiyuki International Journal of Fracture, Vol. 192, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-015-0003-8	journal	February 2015
Anomalous Fatigue Behavior and Fatigue-Induced Grain Growth in Nanocrystalline Nickel Alloys Boyce, Brad L.; Padilla, Henry A. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 42, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0708-x	journal	May 2011
A history of fatigue Schütz, Walter Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(95)00178-6	journal	May 1996
An electron microscope study of crack tip deformation and its impact on the dislocation theory of fracture Ohr, S. M. Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 72, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(85)90064-3	journal	June 1985
Fatigue of nanocrystalline copper Witney, A. B.; Sanders, P. G.; Weertman, J. R. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 33, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00441-W	journal	December 1995
Effect of load ratio and maximum stress intensity on the fatigue threshold in Ti–6Al–4V Boyce, B. L.; Ritchie, R. O. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 68, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(00)00099-0	journal	February 2001
Cyclic softening of ultrafine grain copper Agnew, S. R.; Weertman, J. R. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 244, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00689-8	journal	April 1998
In situ TEM study of electric field-induced microcracking in piezoelectric single crystals Xu, Zhengkui Materials Science and Engineering: B, Vol. 99, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00430-0	journal	May 2003
Coupling grain boundary motion to shear deformation Cahn, John W.; Mishin, Yuri; Suzuki, Akira Acta Materialia, Vol. 54, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.004	journal	November 2006
Toward a quantitative understanding of mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals Dao, M.; Lu, L.; Asaro, R. Acta Materialia, Vol. 55, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.038	journal	July 2007
In situ TEM observations of fast grain-boundary motion in stressed nanocrystalline aluminum films Legros, Marc; Gianola, Daniel S.; Hemker, Kevin J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 56, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.032	journal	August 2008
Dislocation starvation and exhaustion hardening in Mo alloy nanofibers Chisholm, C.; Bei, H.; Lowry, M. B. Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.027	journal	March 2012
Failure of metals II: Fatigue Pineau, André; McDowell, David L.; Busso, Esteban P. Acta Materialia, Vol. 107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.050	journal	April 2016
Size effect on fracture toughness of freestanding copper nano-films Hirakata, Hiroyuki; Nishijima, Osamu; Fukuhara, Naomichi Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 528, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.07.071	journal	October 2011
Concurrent in situ ion irradiation transmission electron microscope Hattar, K.; Bufford, D. C.; Buller, D. L. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 338 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.08.002	journal	November 2014
Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials Meyers, M. A.; Mishra, A.; Benson, D. J. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 51, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.08.003	journal	May 2006
Plasticity in small-sized metallic systems: Intrinsic versus extrinsic size effect Greer, Julia R.; De Hosson, Jeff Th. M. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 56, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2011.01.005	journal	August 2011
Cyclic strain hardening of nanocrystalline nickel Moser, B.; Hanlon, T.; Kumar, K. S. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.11.054	journal	March 2006
Direct dynamic atomic mechanisms of strain-induced grain rotation in nanocrystalline, textured, columnar-structured thin gold films Liu, P.; Mao, S. C.; Wang, L. H. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 64, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.10.029	journal	February 2011
Combination of in situ straining and ACOM TEM: A novel method for analysis of plastic deformation of nanocrystalline metals Kobler, A.; Kashiwar, A.; Hahn, H. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 128, p. 68-81 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.12.019	journal	May 2013
Pushing the Envelope of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Ramachandramoorthy, Rajaprakash; Bernal, Rodrigo; Espinosa, Horacio D. ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b01391	journal	May 2015
Mechanics and Dynamics of the Strain-Induced M1–M2 Structural Phase Transition in Individual VO ₂ Nanowires Guo, Hua; Chen, Kai; Oh, Y. Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201460v	journal	August 2011
Source Truncation and Exhaustion: Insights from Quantitative in situ TEM Tensile Testing Kiener, D.; Minor, A. M. Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201890s	journal	September 2011
Quantitative Evidence of Crossover toward Partial Dislocation Mediated Plasticity in Copper Single Crystalline Nanowires Yue, Yonghai; Liu, Pan; Deng, Qingsong Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl3014132	journal	June 2012
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation on Fatigue Behavior of Single ZnO Wires under High-Cycle Strain Li, Peifeng; Liao, Qingliang; Yang, Shize Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl403426c	journal	January 2014
Grain rotation mediated by grain boundary dislocations in nanocrystalline platinum Wang, Lihua; Teng, Jiao; Liu, Pan Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5402	journal	July 2014
In situ nanoindentation study on plasticity and work hardening in aluminium with incoherent twin boundaries Bufford, D.; Liu, Y.; Wang, J. Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5864	journal	September 2014
A new view of the onset of plasticity during the nanoindentation of aluminium Minor, Andrew M.; Syed Asif, S. A.; Shan, Zhiwei Nature Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1714	journal	August 2006
In situ observation of dislocation nucleation and escape in a submicrometre aluminium single crystal Oh, Sang Ho; Legros, Marc; Kiener, Daniel Nature Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2370	journal	January 2009
Quantitative in situ TEM tensile fatigue testing on nanocrystalline metallic ultrathin films Hosseinian, Ehsan; Pierron, Olivier N. Nanoscale, Vol. 5, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3NR04035F	journal	January 2013
Nanoindentation and contact stiffness measurement using force modulation with a capacitive load-displacement transducer Asif, S. A. Syed; Wahl, K. J.; Colton, R. J. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 70, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1149769	journal	May 1999
In situ transmission electron microscopy study of electric-field-induced microcracking in single crystal Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 Xu, Z.; Tan, X.; Han, P. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 76, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.126765	journal	June 2000
Quantitative imaging of nanoscale mechanical properties using hybrid nanoindentation and force modulation Syed Asif, S. A.; Wahl, K. J.; Colton, R. J. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 90, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1380218	journal	August 2001
Atomic Radii in Crystals Slater, J. C. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 41, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725697	journal	November 1964
Transmission electron microscopy observations of dislocation annihilation and storage in nanograins Wang, Lihua; Zhang, Ze; Ma, En Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3549866	journal	January 2011
Unraveling irradiation induced grain growth with in situ transmission electron microscopy and coordinated modeling Bufford, D. C.; Abdeljawad, F. F.; Foiles, S. M. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4935238	journal	November 2015
Real-time, high-resolution study of nanocrystallization and fatigue cracking in a cyclically strained metallic glass Wang, C. -C.; Mao, Y. -W.; Shan, Z. -W. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320235110	journal	November 2013
Cyclic deformation leads to defect healing and strengthening of small-volume metal crystals Wang, Zhang-Jie; Li, Qing-Jie; Cui, Yi-Nan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518200112	journal	October 2015
In-situ transmission electron microscopy study of electric-field-induced grain-boundary cracking in lead zirconate titanate Tan, Xiaoli; Shang, Jian Ku Philosophical Magazine A, Vol. 82, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240031	journal	May 2002
Nanoindentation creep of single-crystal tungsten and gallium arsenide Syed Asif, S. A.; Pethica, J. B. Philosophical Magazine A, Vol. 76, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1080/01418619708214217	journal	December 1997
Fracture Mechanics Anderson, Ted L.; Anderson, T. L. CRC Press https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420058215	book	June 2005
ASTM paper STP44663S: Plane Strain Crack Toughness Testing of High Strength Metallic Materials Brown, William F.; Srawley, John E. ASTM International https://doi.org/10.1520/STP44663S	report	January 1966
Automated nanocrystal orientation and phase mapping in the transmission electron microscope on the basis of precession electron diffraction Rauch, Edgar F.; Portillo, Joaquin; Nicolopoulos, Stavros Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Vol. 225, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.2010.1205	journal	January 2010
In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Observations of Toughening Mechanisms in Ultra-fine Grained Columnar Aluminum Thin Films Hattar, K.; Han, J.; Saif, M. T. A. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 20, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2005.0233	journal	July 2005

Cited By (5)

Application of In Situ TEM to Investigate Irradiation Creep in Nanocrystalline Zirconium Bufford, Daniel C.; Barr, Christopher M.; Wang, Baoming JOM, Vol. 71, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03701-7	journal	August 2019
Direct Observation of Sink-Dependent Defect Evolution in Nanocrystalline Iron under Irradiation El-Atwani, O.; Nathaniel, J. E.; Leff, A. C. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01744-x	journal	May 2017
Impact of uniaxial tensile fatigue on the evolution of microscopic and mesoscopic structure of carbon black filled natural rubber Sun, Chong; Du, Zhongjin; Nagarajan, Selvaraj Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181883	journal	February 2019
Advanced microelectromechanical systems-based nanomechanical testing: Beyond stress and strain measurements Bhowmick, Sanjit; Espinosa, Horacio; Jungjohann, Katherine MRS Bulletin, Vol. 44, Issue 06 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2019.123	journal	June 2019
Progress toward autonomous experimental systems for alloy development Boyce, Brad L.; Uchic, Michael D. MRS Bulletin, Vol. 44, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2019.75	journal	April 2019

Similar Records

The onset and evolution of fatigue-induced abnormal grain growth in nanocrystalline Ni–Fe

Journal Article · Tue Oct 11 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Materials Science · OSTI ID:1338674

Fatigue crack growth in lithium hydride

Thesis/Dissertation · Wed Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 1993 · OSTI ID:95360

Shear-driven high-temperature fatigue crack growth in polycrystalline alumina

Journal Article · Tue Oct 31 23:00:00 EST 1995 · Acta Metallurgica et Materialia · OSTI ID:131510

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
TEM
crack propagation
fatigue
metals

High cycle fatigue in the transmission electron microscope

Citation Formats

References (44)

Cited By (5)

Similar Records

Related Subjects