Using neutron star observations to determine crust thicknesses, moments of inertia, and tidal deformabilities

Steiner, A. W.; Gandolfi, S.; Fattoyev, F. J.; Newton, W. G.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.91.015804

Using neutron star observations to determine crust thicknesses, moments of inertia, and tidal deformabilities

Journal Article · Mon Jan 12 23:00:00 EST 2015 · Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.015804· OSTI ID:1265810

Steiner, A. W. ^[1]; Gandolfi, S. ^[2]; Fattoyev, F. J. ^[3]; Newton, W. G. ^[4]

Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States); Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States)

Here, we perform a systematic assessment of models for the equation of state (EOS) of dense matter in the context of recent neutron star mass and radius measurements to obtain a broad picture of the structure of neutron stars. We demonstrate that currently available neutron star mass and radius measurements provide strong constraints on moments of inertia, tidal deformabilities, and crust thicknesses. Moreover, a measurement of the moment of inertia of PSR J0737-3039A with a 10% error, without any other information from observations, will constrain the EOS over a range of densities to within 50% 60%. We find tidal deformabilities between 0.6 and 6 1036 g cm² s² (to 95% confidence) for M = 1.4 M_⊙ , and any measurement which constrains this range will provide an important constraint on dense matter. The crustal fraction of the moment of inertia can be as large as 10% for M = 1.4 M_⊙ permitting crusts to have a large enough moment of inertia reservoir to explain glitches in the Vela pulsar even with a large amount of superfluid entrainment. Finally, due to the uncertainty in the equation of state, there is at least a 40% variation in the thickness of the crust for a fixed mass and radius, which implies that future simulations of the cooling of a neutron star crust which has been heated by accretion will need to take this variation into account.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1265810

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1409749
OSTI ID: 1180490

Journal Information:: Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics, Journal Name: Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 91; ISSN 0556-2813; ISSN PRVCAN

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Spectrum of shear modes in the neutron-star crust: Estimating the nuclear-physics uncertainties Tews, I. Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.95.015803	journal	January 2017
Mass-radius relation for neutron stars in f ( R ) = R + α R 2 gravity: A comparison between purely metric and torsion formulations Feola, P.; Forteza, Xisco Jiménez; Capozziello, S. Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.101.044037	journal	February 2020
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.119.161101	journal	October 2017
Neutron Skins and Neutron Stars in the Multimessenger Era Fattoyev, F. J.; Piekarewicz, J.; Horowitz, C. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.120.172702	journal	April 2018
Neutron Star Tidal Deformabilities Constrained by Nuclear Theory and Experiment Lim, Yeunhwan; Holt, Jeremy W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.062701	journal	August 2018
GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.161101	journal	October 2018
Quantum Monte Carlo methods for nuclear physics Carlson, J.; Gandolfi, S.; Pederiva, F. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.87.1067	journal	September 2015
Neutron star radii, universal relations, and the role of prior distributions Steiner, A. W.; Lattimer, J. M.; Brown, E. F. The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 52, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2016-16018-1	journal	February 2016
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. College Park : American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.15488/4798	other	January 2017
Testing the Formation Scenarios of Binary Neutron Star Systems with Measurements of the Neutron Star Moment of Inertia Newton, William G.; Steiner, Andrew W.; Yagi, Kent The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaafd1	journal	March 2018
Constraining the Speed of Sound inside Neutron Stars with Chiral Effective Field Theory Interactions and Observations Tews, I.; Carlson, J.; Gandolfi, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 860, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac267	journal	June 2018
Crust-cooling Models Are Insensitive to the Crust–Core Transition Pressure for Realistic Equations of State Lalit, Sudhanva; Meisel, Zach; Brown, Edward F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab338c	journal	September 2019
The Fate of the Compact Remnant in Neutron Star Mergers Fryer, Chris L.; Belczynski, Krzysztoff; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.07605	text	January 2015
Equation of state constraints for the cold dense matter inside neutron stars using the cooling tail method Nättilä, J.; Steiner, A. W.; Kajava, J. J. E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1509.06561	text	January 2015
Testing the formation scenarios of binary neutron star systems with measurements of the neutron star moment of inertia Newton, William G.; Steiner, Andrew W.; Yagi, Kent arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.09399	text	January 2016
From hadrons to quarks in neutron stars: a review Baym, Gordon; Hatsuda, Tetsuo; Kojo, Toru arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1707.04966	text	January 2017
GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral Collaboration, The LIGO Scientific; Collaboration, The Virgo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05832	text	January 2017
Neutron skins and neutron stars in the multi-messenger era Fattoyev, F. J.; Piekarewicz, J.; Horowitz, C. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.06615	text	January 2017
Constraining the speed of sound inside neutron stars with chiral effective field theory interactions and observations Tews, Ingo; Carlson, Joseph; Gandolfi, Stefano arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.01923	text	January 2018
A pitfall of piecewise-polytropic equation of state inference Raaijmakers, G.; Riley, T. E.; Watts, A. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.09087	text	January 2018
From the microscopic to the macroscopic world: from nucleons to neutron stars Gandolfi, S.; Lippuner, J.; Steiner, A. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.06730	text	January 2019
NGC 300 ULX1: spin evolution, super-Eddington accretion and outflows Vasilopoulos, G.; Petropoulou, M.; Koliopanos, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.03740	text	January 2019
GW170817: Observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-147231	text	January 2017

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