Selective Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Permanent Magnet Scraps with Membrane Solvent Extraction

Kim, Daejin; Powell, Lawrence E.; Delmau, Lætitia H.; Peterson, Eric S.; Herchenroeder, Jim; Bhave, Ramesh R.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01306

Selective Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Permanent Magnet Scraps with Membrane Solvent Extraction

Journal Article · Wed Jun 24 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Environmental Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01306· OSTI ID:1265582

Kim, Daejin ^[1]; Powell, Lawrence E. ^[1]; Delmau, Lætitia H. ^[2]; Peterson, Eric S. ^[3]; Herchenroeder, Jim ^[4]; Bhave, Ramesh R. ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Nuclear Materials Processing Group
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Center for Advanced Energy Studies
Molycorp Magnequench, Greenwood Village, CO (United States)

In this paper, the rare earth elements (REEs) such as neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium were successfully recovered from commercial NdFeB magnets and industrial scrap magnets via membrane assisted solvent extraction (MSX). A hollow fiber membrane system was evaluated to extract REEs in a single step with the feed and strip solutions circulating continuously through the MSX system. The effects of several experimental variables on REE extraction such as flow rate, concentration of REEs in the feed solution, membrane configuration, and composition of acids were investigated with the MSX system. A multimembrane module configuration with REEs dissolved in aqueous nitric acid solutions showed high selectivity for REE extraction with no coextraction of non-REEs, whereas the use of aqueous hydrochloric acid solution resulted in coextraction of non-REEs due to the formation of chloroanions of non-REEs. The REE oxides were recovered from the strip solution through precipitation, drying, and annealing steps. Finally, the resulting REE oxides were characterized with XRD, SEM-EDX, and ICP-OES, demonstrating that the membrane assisted solvent extraction is capable of selectively recovering pure REEs from the industrial scrap magnets.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Critical Materials Institute (CMI)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Advanced Manufacturing Office (EE-5A)

Contributing Organization:: Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; AC07-05ID14517

OSTI ID:: 1265582

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1294429

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU--15-34473

Journal Information:: Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 49; ISSN 0013-936X

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (23)

Membrane Technology and Applications Baker, Richard W. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118359686	book	July 2012
New membrane technology for removal and recovery of chromium from waste waters Ho, W. S. Winston; Poddar, Tarun K. Environmental Progress, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.670200115	journal	April 2001
Extraction of Fe(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions using Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated with trioctylphosphine oxide (Cyanex 921) Navarro, R.; Gallardo, V.; Saucedo, I. Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 98, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2009.05.009	journal	September 2009
Using Cyanex 923 for selective extraction in a high concentration chloride medium on nickel metal hydride battery waste Larsson, Kristian; Ekberg, Christian; Ødegaard-Jensen, Arvid Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 129-130 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.08.011	journal	November 2012
Novel rare earth recovery process on Nd–Fe–B magnet scrap by selective chlorination using NH4Cl Itoh, Masahiro; Miura, Koji; Machida, Ken-ichi Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 477, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.10.036	journal	May 2009
Recycling of rare earths: a critical review Binnemans, Koen; Jones, Peter Tom; Blanpain, Bart Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 51 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.037	journal	July 2013
Solvent extraction of neodymium ions from hydrochloric acid solution using PC88A and saponified PC88A Lee, Man-Seung; Lee, Jin-Young; Kim, Joon-Soo Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 46, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2005.04.014	journal	November 2005
Extraction and separation of yttrium from the rare earths with sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid in chloride media Li, Wei; Wang, Xianglan; Meng, Shulan Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.08.029	journal	April 2007
Distribution coefficients of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm on Cyanex 923-, D2EHPA-, and PC88A-impregnated resins Lee, Gwang Seop; Uchikoshi, Masahito; Mimura, Kouji Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 67, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.03.033	journal	May 2009
Global In-Use Stocks of the Rare Earth Elements: A First Estimate Du, Xiaoyue; Graedel, T. E. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/es102836s	journal	May 2011
Evaluating Rare Earth Element Availability: A Case with Revolutionary Demand from Clean Technologies Alonso, Elisa; Sherman, Andrew M.; Wallington, Timothy J. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/es203518d	journal	February 2012
A Novel Process for Recovering Valuable Metals from Waste Nickel−Cadmium Batteries Huang, Kui; Li, Jia; Xu, Zhenming Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 43, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/es901659n	journal	November 2009
Membrane solvent extraction removal of priority organic pollutants from aqueous waste streams Yun, Chang H.; Prasad, Ravi; Sirkar, Kamalesh K. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00007a017	journal	July 1992
Extraction behavior of lanthanides using a diglycolamide derivative TODGA in ionic liquids Shimojo, Kojiro; Kurahashi, Kensuke; Naganawa, Hirochika Dalton Transactions, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/b810277p	journal	January 2008
Removal of transition metals from rare earths by solvent extraction with an undiluted phosphonium ionic liquid: separations relevant to rare-earth magnet recycling Vander Hoogerstraete, Tom; Wellens, Sil; Verachtert, Katrien Green Chemistry, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3gc40198g	journal	January 2013
A supported liquid membrane system for the selective recovery of rare earth elements from neodymium-based permanent magnets Kim, Daejin; Powell, Lawrence; Delmau, Lætitia H. Separation Science and Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1171782	journal	May 2016
Synergistic Enhancement of the Extraction of Trivalent Lanthanides and Actinides by Tetra‐( n ‐Octyl)Diglycolamide from Chloride Media Philip Horwitz, E.; McAlister, Daniel R.; Thakkar, Anil H. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/07366290701779423	journal	January 2008
Extraction Behavior of Metal Ions by TODGA, DOODA, MIDOA, and NTAamide Extractants from HNO ₃ to n -Dodecane Sasaki, Yuji; Tsubata, Yasuhiro; Kitatsuji, Yoshihiro Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, Vol. 31, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2013.800431	journal	July 2013
As China's Rare Earth R&D Becomes Ever More Rarefied, Others Tremble Stone, R. Science, Vol. 325, Issue 5946 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.325_1336	journal	September 2009
Nations Move to Head Off Shortages of Rare Earths Service, R. F. Science, Vol. 327, Issue 5973 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.327.5973.1596	journal	March 2010
Hubs Aim to Reinvent DOE Research Culture Cho, A. Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6135 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.340.6135.914	journal	May 2013
Extractive metallurgy of rare earths Gupta, C. K.; Krishnamurthy, N. International Materials Reviews, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1992.37.1.197	journal	January 1992
Recovery of Rare Earths from Magnet Sludge by FeCl₂ Uda, Tetsuya MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.55	journal	January 2002

Cited By (8)

Rationally designed mineralization for selective recovery of the rare earth elements Hatanaka, Takaaki; Matsugami, Akimasa; Nonaka, Takamasa Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15670	journal	May 2017
Recovery of Rare Earth Elements by Carbon-Based Nanomaterials—A Review Cardoso, Celso E. D.; Almeida, Joana C.; Lopes, Cláudia B. Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9060814	journal	May 2019
Selective extraction of gadolinium using free-standing imprinted mesoporous carboxymethyl chitosan films with high capacity Zheng, Xudong; Zhang, Yi; Bian, Tingting Cellulose, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2124-5	journal	November 2018
Mesoporous SiO2 Nanoparticles: A Unique Platform Enabling Sensitive Detection of Rare Earth Ions with Smartphone Camera Dai, Xinyan; Rasamani, Kowsalya D.; Hu, Feng Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0208-2	journal	June 2018
REE Recovery from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnet Scrap: A Critical Review Yang, Yongxiang; Walton, Allan; Sheridan, Richard Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-016-0090-4	journal	September 2016
Characterization and Leaching of Neodymium Magnet Waste and Solvent Extraction of the Rare-Earth Elements Using TODGA Gergoric, Marino; Ekberg, Christian; Foreman, Mark R. St J. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-017-0122-8	journal	April 2017
High-throughput screening for discovery of benchtop separations systems for selected rare earth elements Nelson, Joshua J. M.; Cheisson, Thibault; Rugh, Haley J. Communications Chemistry, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-019-0253-x	journal	January 2020
Supramolecular ligands for the extraction of lanthanide and actinide ions Werner, Eric J.; Biros, Shannon M. Organic Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00242a	journal	January 2019

Similar Records

Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from a Wide Range of E-Waste and Process Scalability of Membrane Solvent Extraction

Journal Article · Mon Dec 02 19:00:00 EST 2019 · Environmental Science and Technology · OSTI ID:1606753

Separation of rare earth elements using supported membrane solvent extraction

Patent · Tue Apr 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · OSTI ID:1892791

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS
extractant
hollow fiber membrane
membrane solvent extraction
rare earth elements

Selective Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Permanent Magnet Scraps with Membrane Solvent Extraction

Citation Formats

References (23)

Cited By (8)

Similar Records

Related Subjects