Russian anthropogenic black carbon: Emission reconstruction and Arctic black carbon simulation

Huang, Kan; Fu, Joshua S.; Prikhodko, Vitaly Y.; Storey, John M.; Romanov, Alexander; Hodson, Elke L.; Cresko, Joe; Morozova, Irina; Ignatieva, Yulia; Cabaniss, John

doi:10.1002/2015JD023358

Russian anthropogenic black carbon: Emission reconstruction and Arctic black carbon simulation

Journal Article · Fri Oct 02 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023358· OSTI ID:1261271

Huang, Kan ^[1]; Fu, Joshua S. ^[1]; Prikhodko, Vitaly Y. ^[2]; Storey, John M. ^[2]; Romanov, Alexander ^[3]; Hodson, Elke L. ^[4]; Cresko, Joe ^[5]; Morozova, Irina ^[3]; Ignatieva, Yulia ^[3]; Cabaniss, John ^[5]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Energy and Environmental Sciences Directorate
Scientific Research Inst. for Atmospheric Air Protection, Saint-Petersburg (Russia)
Dept. of Energy (DOE), Washington DC (United States)
Dept. of Energy (DOE), Washington DC (United States

Development of reliable source emission inventories is needed to advance the understanding of the origin of Arctic haze using chemical transport modeling. This paper develops a regional anthropogenic black carbon (BC) emission inventory for the Russian Federation, the largest country by land area in the Arctic Council. Activity data from combination of local Russia information and international resources, emission factors based on either Russian documents or adjusted values for local conditions, and other emission source data are used to approximate the BC emissions. Emissions are gridded at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° and developed into a monthly temporal profile. Total anthropogenic BC emission of Russia in 2010 is estimated to be around 224 Gg. Gas flaring, a commonly ignored black carbon source, contributes a significant fraction of 36.2% to Russia's total anthropogenic BC emissions. Other sectors, i.e., residential, transportation, industry, and power plants, contribute 25.0%, 20.3%, 13.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. Three major BC hot spot regions are identified: the European part of Russia, the southern central part of Russia where human population densities are relatively high, and the Urals Federal District where Russia's major oil and gas fields are located but with sparse human population. BC simulations are conducted using the hemispheric version of Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model with emission inputs from a global emission database EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research)-HTAPv2 (Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution) and EDGAR-HTAPv2 with its Russian part replaced by the newly developed Russian BC emissions, respectively. The simulation using the new Russian BC emission inventory could improve 30–65% of absorption aerosol optical depth measured at the AERONET sites in Russia throughout the whole year as compared to that using the default HTAPv2 emissions. At the four ground monitoring sites (Zeppelin, Barrow, Alert, and Tiksi) in the Arctic Circle, surface BC simulations are improved the most during the Arctic haze periods (October–March). The poor performance of Arctic BC simulations in previous studies may be partly ascribed to the Russian BC emissions built on out-of-date and/or missing information, which could result in biases to both emission rates and the spatial distribution of emissions. Finally, this study highlights that the impact of Russian emissions on the Arctic haze has likely been underestimated, and its role in the Arctic climate system needs to be reassessed. The Russian black carbon emission source data generated in this study can be obtained via http://abci.ornl.gov/download.shtml or http://acs.engr.utk.edu/Data.php.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Department of State (United States); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1261271

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Journal Issue: 21 Vol. 120; ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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