Tritium migration to the surfaces of Type 316 stainless steel; aluminum 6061; and oxygen-free, high-conductivity copper

Sharpe, M.; Shmayda, W. T.; Schroder, W. U.

doi:10.13182/FST15-198

Tritium migration to the surfaces of Type 316 stainless steel; aluminum 6061; and oxygen-free, high-conductivity copper

Journal Article · Wed May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Fusion Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.13182/FST15-198· OSTI ID:1255755

Sharpe, M. ^[1]; Shmayda, W. T. ^[2]; Schroder, W. U. ^[2]

Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States); Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States)

The migration of tritium to the surfaces of aluminum 6061, oxygen-free, high-conductivity copper (OFHC), and stainless-steel 316 from the bulk metal was studied using low-pressure Tonks–Langmuir argon plasma. The plasma is shown to be effective at removing tritium from metal surfaces in a controlled manner. Tritium is removed in decreasing quantities with successive plasma exposures, which suggests a depletion of the surface and near-surface tritium inventories. A diffusion model was developed to predict tritium migration from the bulk and its accumulation in the water layers present on the metal surface. The model reproduces the rate of tritium re-growth on the surface for all three metals and can be used to calculate the triton solubility in the water layers present on metal surfaces. The ratio of surface-to-bulk solubilities at the water-layer/bulk-metal interface uniquely determines the concentration ratio between these two media. Removing the tritium-rich water layers induces tritium to migrate from the bulk to the surface. Furthermore, this process is driven by a concentration gradient that develops in the bulk because of the perturbation on the surface.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0001944

OSTI ID:: 1255755

Journal Information:: Fusion Science and Technology, Journal Name: Fusion Science and Technology Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 70; ISSN 1536-1055

Publisher:: American Nuclear SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (48)

Hydrogen depth profile in phosphorus-doped, oxygen-free copper after cathodic charging Martinsson, Åsa; Sandström, Rolf Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 47, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6592-y	journal	June 2012
The diffusivity of hydrogen in aluminum Ishikawa, T.; McLellan, R. B. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 34, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(86)90219-1	journal	June 1986
Hydrogen transport in austenitic stainless steel Louthan, M. R.; Derrick, R. G. Corrosion Science, Vol. 15, Issue 6-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(75)90022-0	journal	January 1975
Tritium diffusion in 304- and 316-stainless steels in the temperature range 25 to 222 °C Austin, J. H.; Elleman, T. S. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(72)90145-6	journal	May 1972
Properties of hydride-forming metals and of multilayer hydrogen permeation barriers Guthrie, J. W.; Beavis, L. C.; Begeal, D. R. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 53 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(74)90263-3	journal	September 1974
Tritium solubility in SUS-316 stainless steel Sugisaki, Masayasu; Furuya, Hirotaka; Ono, Kiyoshi Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(84)90168-5	journal	February 1984
Hydrogen transport in stainless steels Tanabe, Tetsuo; Yamanishi, Yuji; Sawada, Kenji Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 123, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(84)90304-0	journal	May 1984
A thermal desorption study of the surface interaction between tritium and type 316 stainless steel Hirabayashi, T.; Saeki, M.; Tachikawa, E. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 126, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(84)90530-0	journal	September 1984
Helium dilution effect on hydrogen permeation in 316L stainless steel and nickel-base heat-resistant alloys Kishimoto, N.; Tanabe, T.; Suzuki, T. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 127, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(85)90057-1	journal	January 1985
Surface reaction and bulk diffusion of tritium in SUS-316 stainless steel Sugisaki, M.; Furuya, H.; Ueki, H. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 133-134 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(85)90151-5	journal	August 1985
Hydrogen permeation through type 316 stainless steels and ferritic steel for a fusion reactor Hashimoto, E.; Kino, T. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 133-134 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(85)90153-9	journal	August 1985
Hydrogen transport and solubility in 316L and 1.4914 steels for fusion reactor applications Forcey, K. S.; Ross, D. K.; Simpson, J. C. B. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 160, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(88)90038-4	journal	December 1988
Hydrogen in 316 steel — diffusion, permeation and surface reaction Grant, D. M.; Cummings, D. L.; Blackburn, D. A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 152, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(88)90319-4	journal	May 1988
Effect of hydrogen on the microstructure, mechanical properties and phase transformations in austenitic steels Li, Y. Y.; Xing, Z. S. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 169 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(89)90530-8	journal	December 1989
The diffusivity of hydrogen in copper at low temperatures Ishikawa, Thomaz; McLellan, Rex B. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(85)90110-6	journal	January 1985
The relation between hydrogen desorption and the surface conditions of high purity aluminium Csanády, Á.; Papp, K.; Pásztor, E. Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(81)90064-1	journal	April 1981
Diffusion of hydrogen in solid aluminium Papp, K.; Kovács-Csetényi, E. Scripta Metallurgica, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(77)90238-1	journal	November 1977
Diffusion of hydrogen in high purity aluminium Papp, K.; Kovács-Csetényi, E. Scripta Metallurgica, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(81)90321-5	journal	February 1981
Diffusion of hydrogen in pure large grain aluminum Outlaw, R. A.; Peterson, D. T.; Schmidt, F. A. Scripta Metallurgica, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(82)90354-4	journal	March 1982
The interaction of water with solid surfaces: Fundamental aspects Thiel, Patricia A.; Madey, Theodore E. Surface Science Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 6-8, p. 211-385 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5729(87)90001-X	journal	October 1987
Hydrogen diffusivity in aluminium measured by a glow discharge permeation method Saitoh, Hideyuki; Iijima, Yoshiaki; Tanaka, Hiroshi Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 42, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(94)90329-8	journal	July 1994
Heavy hydrogen isotopes penetration through austenitic and martensitic steels Dolinski, Yu.; Lyasota, I.; Shestakov, A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 283-287 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00314-7	journal	December 2000
Tritium trapping capacity on metal surface Nishikawa, Masabumi; Nakashio, Nobuyuki; Shiraishi, Tomofumi Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 277, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(99)00133-6	journal	January 2000
Solid solutions of hydrogen in gold, silver and copper McLellan, R. B. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 34, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3697(73)80022-8	journal	June 1973
The diffusion and trapping of hydrogen in high purity aluminum Young, G. A.; Scully, J. R. Acta Materialia, Vol. 46, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00333-4	journal	November 1998
Monovacancy in copper: Trapping efficiency for hydrogen and oxygen impurities Korzhavyi, P. A.; Sandström, R. Computational Materials Science, Vol. 84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.11.065	journal	March 2014
Detritiation of type 316 stainless steel by treatment with liquids at ambient temperature Penzhorn, Ralf-Dieter; Torikai, Y.; Matsuyama, M. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 353, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.03.004	journal	July 2006
FT-IR Study of Water Adsorption on Aluminum Oxide Surfaces Al-Abadleh, Hind A.; Grassian, V. H. Langmuir, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/la026208a	journal	January 2003
A molecular perspective of water at metal interfaces Carrasco, Javier; Hodgson, Andrew; Michaelides, Angelos Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3354	journal	July 2012
New technique for the measurement of adsorbed moisture concentration on a solid surface Ohmi, T.; Nakagawa, Y.; Aomi, H. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 64, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1143856	journal	September 1993
Effects of hydrogen and impurities on void nucleation in copper: simulation point of view Ganchenkova, M. G.; Yagodzinskyy, Y. N.; Borodin, V. A. Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 94, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2014.962642	journal	October 2014
Hydrogen diffusion in aluminium at high temperatures Hashimoto, E.; Kino, T. Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4608/13/6/013	journal	June 1983
A General Theory of the Plasma of an Arc Tonks, Lewi; Langmuir, Irving Physical Review, Vol. 34, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.34.876	journal	September 1929
Diffusion of H 2 , D 2 , and T 2 in Single-Crystal Ni and Cu Katz, L.; Guinan, M.; Borg, R. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.4.330	journal	July 1971
Abstract: Permeation and Outgassing of Vacuum Materials Perkins, W. G. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1318011	journal	January 1973
On the mechanism of tritium desorption from stainless steel Akaishi, K.; Torikai, Y.; Murata, D. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 26, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2889391	journal	May 2008
Adsorption of water on copper and cuprous oxide Sharma, S. P. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.570247	journal	September 1979
Importance of the surface oxide layer in the reduction of outgassing from stainless steels Ishikawa, Yuichi; Yoshimura, Toshihiko Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.579669	journal	July 1995
Tritium Interaction with Surface Layer and Bulk of Type 316 Stainless Steel and Consequences of Aging Penzhorn, R. -D.; Hatano, Y.; Matsuyama, M. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 64, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST12-625	journal	July 2013
In-Line Process Tritium Monitors Kherani, N. P.; Shmayda, W. T. Fusion Technology, Vol. 21, Issue 2P2 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST21-2P2-340	journal	March 1992
Rate of Isotope Exchange Reaction Between Tritiated Water in a Gas Phase and Water on the Surface of Piping Materials Nakashio, Nobuyuki; Yamaguchi, Junya; Kobayashi, Ryusuke Fusion Technology, Vol. 39, Issue 2P1 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST39-189	journal	March 2001
Chronic Release of Tritium from SS316 at Ambient Temperature: Correlation Between Depth Profile and Tritium Liberation Torikai, Yuji Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST48-177	journal	July 2005
Transport of Tritium in SS316 at Moderate Temperatures Naoe, S. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST54-515	journal	August 2008
Effects of H ₂ O and H ₂ O ₂ on Thermal Desorption of Tritium from Stainless Steel Quinlan, M. J.; Shmayda, W. T.; Lim, S. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST54-519	journal	August 2008
Diffusion of Hydrogen in Aluminium [アルミニウム中における水素の拡散] Matsuo, Shigeru; Hirata, Toshiya Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 31, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.31.4_590	journal	January 1967
Measurement of the Diffusion Coefficient and Solubility of Hydrogen in Solid Aluminum [固体アルミニウム中の水素の拡散係数と溶解度の測定] Ichimura, Minoru; Imabayashi, Mamoru; Hayakawa, Masahiro Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 43, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.43.9_876	journal	January 1979
Determination of Deuterium Diffusion Coefficient by Ion Driven Permeation Technique [高エネルギー水素イオン注入透過法による金属中の重水素の拡散係数の測定] Furuyama, Yuichi; Tanabe, Tetsuo; Imoto, Sh\={o.}suke Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.50.8_688	journal	January 1986
Diffusion Coefficients of Hydrogen in Ni–Cu and Ni–Co Alloys Hagi, Hideki Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1960.27.233	journal	January 1986

Cited By (2)

Tritium Retention in Hexavalent Chromate-Conversion–Coated Aluminum Alloy Fagan, C.; Sharpe, M.; Shmayda, W. T. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 75, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1610308	journal	May 2019
Distribution of Tritium in the Near Surface of Type 316 Stainless Steel Sharpe, M.; Fagan, C.; Shmayda, W. T. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 75, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1644136	journal	September 2019

Similar Records

Partitioning of tritium between surface and bulk of 316 stainless steel at room temperature

Journal Article · Tue Mar 27 20:00:00 EDT 2018 · Fusion Engineering and Design · OSTI ID:1437587

Influence of Microstructure on the Absorption of Tritium into Gold-Plated 316 Stainless Steel

Journal Article · Thu Jan 26 19:00:00 EST 2023 · Fusion Science and Technology · OSTI ID:1993058

Distribution of Tritium in the Near Surface of Type 316 Stainless Steel

Journal Article · Wed Sep 04 20:00:00 EDT 2019 · Fusion Science and Technology · OSTI ID:1574235

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Tritium migration to the surfaces of Type 316 stainless steel; aluminum 6061; and oxygen-free, high-conductivity copper

Citation Formats

References (48)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects