Melt-Dilute Treatment of Spent Nuclear Fuel Assemblies from Research and Test Reactors
The Savannah River Site is the US Department of Energy''s preferred site for return and treatment of all aluminum-base, spent, research and test reactor fuel assemblies. There are over 20,000 spent fuel assemblies now stored in different countries around the world, and by 2035 many will be returned to SRS for treatment and interim storage, in preparation for disposal in a geologic repository. The early fuel assemblies for research and test reactors were made using aluminum clad plates that were fabricated from highly enriched (93 percent) uranium-aluminum alloy. Later, powder metallurgical fabrication methods were developed to produce plate fuels with higher uranium contents using either uranium aluminide, uranium oxide or uranium silicide powders mixed with aluminum. Silicide fuel elements generally are fabricated with low enriched uranium containing less than 20 percent 235U. Following irradiation, the spent fuel assemblies are discharged from the reactor, and most assemblies have been stored in under-water pools, some since the early 1950''s. A number of disposition options including direct/co-disposal and melt-dilute treatment were evaluated recently. The melt-dilute technique was identified as the preferred method for treatment of aluminum-base spent fuel. The technique consists of melting the spent fuel assembly and adding depleted uranium to the melt for isotopic dilution to less than 20 percent 235U. Aluminum is added, if necessary, to produce a predetermined alloy composition. Additionally, neutron poisons may be added to the melt where they form solid solution phases or compounds with uranium and/or aluminum. Lowering the enrichment reduces both criticality and proliferation concerns for storage. Consolidation by melting also reduces the number of storage canisters. Laboratory and small-scale process demonstration using irradiated fuel is underway. Tests of the off gas absorption system have been initiated using both surrogate and irradiated RERTR mini fuel plates. An experimental L-Area facility (LEF) is planned to validate induction furnace operations, remote handling, and the off gas system for trapping volatile elements under plant operating conditions. Results from laboratory tests and the small-scale process studies are discussed.
- Research Organization:
- Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- US Department of Energy (US)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC09-96SR18500
- OSTI ID:
- 12513
- Report Number(s):
- WSRC-MS-99-00751; TRN: US0102542
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 22nd International Meeting on Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors, Budapest (HU), 10/03/1999--10/08/1999; Other Information: PBD: 29 Sep 1999
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES
22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS
ALUMINIUM
CONTAINERS
DEPLETED URANIUM
ENRICHED URANIUM
FUEL ASSEMBLIES
INDUCTION FURNACES
REMOTE HANDLING
RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS
SPENT FUELS
URANIUM OXIDES
URANIUM SILICIDES
SPENT FUEL STORAGE
RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING
MELTING
DILUTION
OFF-GAS SYSTEMS