Inward Lithium-Ion Breathing of Hierarchically Porous Silicon Anodes

Xiao, Qiangfeng; Gu, Meng; Yang, Hui; Li, Bing; Zhang, Cunman; Liu, Yang; Liu, Fang; Dai, Fang; Yang, Li; Liu, Zhongyi; Xiao, Xingcheng; Liu, Gao; Zhao, Peng; Zhang, Sulin; Wang, Chong M.; Lu, Yunfeng; Cai, Mei

doi:10.1038/ncomms9844

Inward Lithium-Ion Breathing of Hierarchically Porous Silicon Anodes

Journal Article · Thu Nov 05 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9844· OSTI ID:1243285

Xiao, Qiangfeng ^[1]; Gu, Meng ^[2]; Yang, Hui ^[3]; Li, Bing ^[4]; Zhang, Cunman ^[5]; Liu, Yang ^[6]; Liu, Fang ^[6]; Dai, Fang ^[1]; Yang, Li ^[1]; Liu, Zhongyi ^[1]; Xiao, Xingcheng ^[1]; Liu, Gao ^[7]; Zhao, Peng ^[3]; Zhang, Sulin ^[3]; Wang, Chong M. ^[2]; Lu, Yunfeng ^[6]; Cai, Mei ^[1]

General Motors Research and Development Center, Warran, MI (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Tongji University, Shanghai (China)
Tongji University, Shanghai (China)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Silicon has been identified as one of the most promising candidates as anode for high performance lithium-ion batteries. The key challenge for Si anodes is the large volume change induced chemomechanical fracture and subsequent rapid capacity fading upon cyclic charge and discharge. Improving capacity retention thus critically relies on smart accommodation of the volume changes through nanoscale structural design. In this work, we report a novel fabrication method for hierarchically porous Si nanospheres (hp-SiNSs), which consist of a porous shell and a hollow core. Upon charge/discharge cycling, the hp-SiNSs accommodate the volume change through reversible inward expansion/contraction with negligible particle-level outward expansion. Our mechanics analysis revealed that such a unique volume-change accommodation mechanism is enabled by the much stiffer modulus of the lithiated layer than the unlithiated porous layer and the low flow stress of the porous structure. Such inward expansion shields the hp-SiNSs from fracture, opposite to the outward expansion in solid Si during lithiation. Lithium ion battery assembled with this new nanoporous material exhibits high capacity, high power, long cycle life and high coulombic efficiency, which is superior to the current commercial Si-based anode materials. We find the low cost synthesis approach reported here provides a new avenue for the rational design of hierarchically porous structures with unique materials properties.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1243285

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1378636

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--113149; 48379; KP1704020

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Vol. 6; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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