Acoustic Tests of Lorentz Symmetry Using Quartz Oscillators

Lo, Anthony; Haslinger, Philipp; Mizrachi, Eli; Anderegg, Loïc; Müller, Holger; Hohensee, Michael; Goryachev, Maxim; Tobar, Michael E.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.6.011018

Title: Acoustic Tests of Lorentz Symmetry Using Quartz Oscillators

Journal Article · Wed Feb 24 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Physical Review. X

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.011018· OSTI ID:1239433

Lo, Anthony; Haslinger, Philipp; Mizrachi, Eli; Anderegg, Loïc; Müller, Holger; Hohensee, Michael; Goryachev, Maxim; Tobar, Michael E.

Here we propose and demonstrate a test of Lorentz symmetry based on new, compact, and reliable quartz oscillator technology. Violations of Lorentz invariance in the matter and photon sector of the standard model extension generate anisotropies in particles’ inertial masses and the elastic constants of solids, giving rise to measurable anisotropies in the resonance frequencies of acoustic modes in solids. A first realization of such a “phonon-sector” test of Lorentz symmetry using room-temperature stress-compensated-cut crystals yields 120 h of data at a frequency resolution of 2.4 × 10^-15 and a limit of $$\bar{c}$$ $$n\atop{Q}$$ = (- 1.8 ± 2.2) × 10^-14 GeV on the most weakly constrained neutron-sector c coefficient of the standard model extension. Future experiments with cryogenic oscillators promise significant improvements in accuracy, opening up the potential for improved limits on Lorentz violation in the neutron, proton, electron, and photon sector.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; Australian Research Council (ARC); David and Lucile Packard Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; CE110001013; DP130100205

OSTI ID:: 1239433

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1417960

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-733821; PRXHAE; 011018

Journal Information:: Physical Review. X, Journal Name: Physical Review. X Vol. 6 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 2160-3308

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 34 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (77)

Improved test of Lorentz invariance in electrodynamics Wolf, Peter; Bize, Sébastien; Clairon, André Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.051902	journal	September 2004
Advances in development of quartz crystal oscillators at liquid helium temperatures Goryachev, Maxim; Galliou, Serge; Imbaud, Joël Cryogenics, Vol. 57 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2013.06.001	journal	October 2013
Lorentz non-invariance Nielsen, H. B.; Picek, I. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 211, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(83)90409-1	journal	January 1983
Test of constancy of speed of light with rotating cryogenic optical resonators Antonini, P.; Okhapkin, M.; Göklü, E. Physical Review A, Vol. 71, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.71.050101	journal	May 2005
New limits on spatial anisotropy from optically-pumped sup201 Hg and ${}^{199}{Hg}$ Lamoreaux, S. K.; Jacobs, J. P.; Heckel, B. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 57, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.3125	journal	December 1986
Laboratory tests of Lorentz and $C P T$ symmetry with muons Gomes, André H.; Kostelecký, V. Alan; Vargas, Arnaldo J. Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.90.076009	journal	October 2014
Special Relativity Ehlers, Jürgen; Lämmerzahl, Claus Lecture Notes in Physics https://doi.org/10.1007/b11758914	book	January 2006
Bound on Lorentz and $C P T$ Violating Boost Effects for the Neutron Canè, F.; Bear, D.; Phillips, D. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.230801	journal	November 2004
Brillouin Lasing with a ${CaF}_{2}$ Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator Grudinin, Ivan S.; Matsko, Andrey B.; Maleki, Lute Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.043902	journal	January 2009
Probing Lorentz and $CPT$ violation with space-based experiments Bluhm, Robert; Kostelecký, V. Alan; Lane, Charles D. Physical Review D, Vol. 68, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.125008	journal	December 2003
New Limit on Signals of Lorentz Violation in Electrodynamics Lipa, J. A.; Nissen, J. A.; Wang, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.060403	journal	February 2003
On the relative motion of the Earth and the luminiferous ether Michelson, A. A.; Morley, E. W. American Journal of Science, Vol. s3-34, Issue 203 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-34.203.333	journal	November 1887
Test of Lorentz Invariance in Electrodynamics Using Rotating Cryogenic Sapphire Microwave Oscillators Stanwix, Paul L.; Tobar, Michael E.; Wolf, Peter Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.040404	journal	July 2005
Sensitive Polarimetric Search for Relativity Violations in Gamma-Ray Bursts Kostelecký, V. Alan; Mewes, Matthew Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.140401	journal	October 2006
An integrated low phase noise radiation-pressure-driven optomechanical oscillator chipset Luan, Xingsheng; Huang, Yongjun; Li, Ying Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06842	journal	October 2014
Characterization of a high coherence, Brillouin microcavity laser on silicon Li, Jiang; Lee, Hansuek; Chen, Tong Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.020170	journal	January 2012
Effects of geometry on quantum fluctuations of phonon-trapping acoustic cavities Goryachev, Maxim; Tobar, Michael E. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/8/083007	journal	August 2014
LVIII. On the relative motion of the earth and the luminiferous Æther Michelson, Albert A.; Morley, Edward W. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. 24, Issue 151 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786448708628130	journal	December 1887
Tests of Lorentz invariance using hydrogen molecules Müller, Holger; Herrmann, Sven; Saenz, Alejandro Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.076004	journal	October 2004
Electro-optical frequency division and stable microwave synthesis Li, J.; Yi, X.; Lee, H. Science, Vol. 345, Issue 6194 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1252909	journal	June 2014
Optical cavity tests of Lorentz invariance for the electron Müller, Holger; Herrmann, Sven; Saenz, Alejandro Physical Review D, Vol. 68, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.116006	journal	December 2003
Probing Planck-scale physics with quantum optics Pikovski, Igor; Vanner, Michael R.; Aspelmeyer, Markus Nature Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2262	journal	March 2012
Erratum: New methods of testing Lorentz violation in electrodynamics [Phys. Rev. D 71 , 025004 (2005)] Hohensee, Michael; Glenday, Alex; Li, Chih-Hao Physical Review D, Vol. 75, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.75.049902	journal	February 2007
Observation of injection locking in an optomechanical rf oscillator Hossein-Zadeh, Mani; Vahala, Kerry J. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3028024	journal	November 2008
Data tables for Lorentz and $C P T$ violation Kostelecký, V. Alan; Russell, Neil Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.83.11	journal	March 2011
Photonic Micro-Electromechanical Systems Vibrating at $X$ -band (11-GHz) Rates Tomes, Matthew; Carmon, Tal Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.113601	journal	March 2009
Test of the Isotropy of the Speed of Light Using a Continuously Rotating Optical Resonator Herrmann, Sven; Senger, Alexander; Kovalchuk, Evgeny Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.150401	journal	October 2005
Scalar-tensor theories with pseudoscalar couplings Flambaum, Victor; Lambert, Simon; Pospelov, Maxim Physical Review D, Vol. 80, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.105021	journal	November 2009
Limit on Lorentz and $C P T$ violation of the bound neutron using a free precession ${}^{3}{He} / {}^{129}{Xe}$ comagnetometer Gemmel, C.; Heil, W.; Karpuk, S. Physical Review D, Vol. 82, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.82.111901	journal	December 2010
Extremely low-loss acoustic phonons in a quartz bulk acoustic wave resonator at millikelvin temperature Goryachev, Maxim; Creedon, Daniel L.; Ivanov, Eugene N. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4729292	journal	June 2012
Oscillating Test of the Isotropic Shift of the Speed of Light Baynes, Fred N.; Tobar, Michael E.; Luiten, Andre N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.260801	journal	June 2012
An Experimental Study of the Rate of a Moving Atomic Clock Ives, Herbert E.; Stilwell, G. R. Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 28, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.28.000215	journal	January 1938
Modern Michelson-Morley Experiment using Cryogenic Optical Resonators Müller, Holger; Herrmann, Sven; Braxmaier, Claus Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.020401	journal	July 2003
Cold Atom Clock Test of Lorentz Invariance in the Matter Sector Wolf, Peter; Chapelet, Fréderic; Bize, Sébastien Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.060801	journal	February 2006
Preferred-frame and $C P$ -violation tests with polarized electrons Heckel, B. R.; Adelberger, E. G.; Cramer, C. E. Physical Review D, Vol. 78, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.092006	journal	November 2008
Losses in high quality quartz crystal resonators at cryogenic temperatures Galliou, Serge; Imbaud, Joël; Goryachev, Maxim Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3559611	journal	February 2011
Observation of the fundamental Nyquist noise limit in an ultra-high Q -factor cryogenic bulk acoustic wave cavity Goryachev, Maxim; Ivanov, Eugene N.; van Kann, Frank Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4898813	journal	October 2014
Signals for Lorentz violation in electrodynamics Kostelecký, V. Alan; Mewes, Matthew Physical Review D, Vol. 66, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.66.056005	journal	September 2002
New methods of testing Lorentz violation in electrodynamics Tobar, Michael Edmund; Wolf, Peter; Fowler, Alison Physical Review D, Vol. 71, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.025004	journal	January 2005
Extremely Low Loss Phonon-Trapping Cryogenic Acoustic Cavities for Future Physical Experiments Galliou, Serge; Goryachev, Maxim; Bourquin, Roger Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02132	journal	July 2013
Quartz resonator instabilities under cryogenic conditions Goryachev, Maxim; Galliou, Serge; Abbe, Philippe IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2152	journal	January 2012
Disentangling forms of Lorentz violation with complementary clock comparison experiments Altschul, Brett Physical Review D, Vol. 79, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.79.061702	journal	March 2009
Testing Lorentz invariance by the use of vacuum and matter filled cavity resonators Müller, Holger Physical Review D, Vol. 71, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.045004	journal	February 2005
Restricted Proof that the Weak Equivalence Principle Implies the Einstein Equivalence Principle Lightman, Alan P.; Lee, David L. Physical Review D, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.8.364	journal	July 1973
Experimental Establishment of the Relativity of Time Kennedy, Roy J.; Thorndike, Edward M. Physical Review, Vol. 42, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.42.400	journal	November 1932
Chemically etched ultrahigh-Q wedge-resonator on a silicon chip Lee, Hansuek; Chen, Tong; Li, Jiang Nature Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2012.109	journal	May 2012
Rotating optical cavity experiment testing Lorentz invariance at the $10^{- 17}$ level Herrmann, S.; Senger, A.; Möhle, K. Physical Review D, Vol. 80, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.105011	journal	November 2009
Improved test of Lorentz invariance in electrodynamics using rotating cryogenic sapphire oscillators Stanwix, Paul L.; Tobar, Michael E.; Wolf, Peter Physical Review D, Vol. 74, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.74.081101	journal	October 2006
The acceleration sensitivity of quartz crystal oscillators: a review Filler, R. L. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/58.20450	journal	May 1988
An analysis of doubly rotated quartz resonators utilizing essentially thickness modes with transverse variation Stevens, D. S.; Tiersten, H. F. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 79, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.393190	journal	June 1986
New Test of Local Lorentz Invariance Using a ${}^{21}{Ne} − Rb − K$ Comagnetometer Smiciklas, M.; Brown, J. M.; Cheuk, L. W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.171604	journal	October 2011
Results of a new test of local Lorentz invariance: A search for mass anisotropy in ${}^{21}{Ne}$ Chupp, T. E.; Hoare, R. J.; Loveman, R. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 63, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1541	journal	October 1989
Test of Lorentz Invariance with Spin Precession of Ultracold Neutrons Altarev, I.; Baker, C. A.; Ban, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.081602	journal	August 2009
Constraints on Relativity Violations from Gamma-Ray Bursts Kostelecký, V. Alan; Mewes, Matthew Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.201601	journal	May 2013
Reply to “Comment on ‘Test of constancy of speed of light with rotating cryogenic optical resonators’ ” Antonini, P.; Okhapkin, M.; Göklü, E. Physical Review A, Vol. 72, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.72.066102	journal	December 2005
Limits on local Lorentz invariance in mercury and cesium Peck, S. K.; Kim, D. K.; Stein, D. Physical Review A, Vol. 86, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.86.012109	journal	July 2012
Improved constraints on isotropic shift and anisotropies of the speed of light using rotating cryogenic sapphire oscillators Hohensee, Michael A.; Stanwix, Paul L.; Tobar, Michael E. Physical Review D, Vol. 82, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.82.076001	journal	October 2010
Observation of Rayleigh Phonon Scattering through Excitation of Extremely High Overtones in Low-Loss Cryogenic Acoustic Cavities for Hybrid Quantum Systems Goryachev, Maxim; Creedon, Daniel L.; Galliou, Serge Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.085502	journal	August 2013
Phonon Laser Action in a Tunable Two-Level System Grudinin, Ivan S.; Lee, Hansuek; Painter, O. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.083901	journal	February 2010
High-energy tests of Lorentz invariance Coleman, Sidney; Glashow, Sheldon L. Physical Review D, Vol. 59, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.116008	journal	April 1999
Comment on “Test of constancy of speed of light with rotating cryogenic optical resonators” Tobar, Michael E.; Wolf, Peter; Stanwix, Paul L. Physical Review A, Vol. 72, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.72.066101	journal	December 2005
Limits on Violations of Lorentz Symmetry and the Einstein Equivalence Principle using Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy of Atomic Dysprosium Hohensee, M. A.; Leefer, N.; Budker, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.050401	journal	July 2013
Limits for Spatial Anisotropy by Use of Nuclear-Spin-Polarized ${}^{9}{Be}^{+}$ Ions Prestage, J. D.; Bollinger, J. J.; Itano, Wayne M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 54, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.2387	journal	June 1985
Direct terrestrial test of Lorentz symmetry in electrodynamics to 10−18 Nagel, Moritz; Parker, Stephen R.; Kovalchuk, Evgeny V. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9174	journal	September 2015
Gravitational wave detection with high frequency phonon trapping acoustic cavities Goryachev, Maxim; Tobar, Michael E. Physical Review D, Vol. 90, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.90.102005	journal	November 2014
Limit on Lorentz and CPT Violation of the Neutron Using a Two-Species Noble-Gas Maser Bear, D.; Stoner, R. E.; Walsworth, R. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5038	journal	December 2000
Limits on neutron Lorentz violation from the stability of primary cosmic ray protons Altschul, Brett Physical Review D, Vol. 78, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.085018	journal	October 2008
Equivalence Principle and Gravitational Redshift Hohensee, Michael A.; Chu, Steven; Peters, Achim Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.151102	journal	April 2011
$CPT$ violation and the standard model Colladay, Don; Kostelecký, V. Alan Physical Review D, Vol. 55, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.6760	journal	June 1997
Dynamic stabilization of an optomechanical oscillator Seok, H.; Wright, E. M.; Meystre, P. Physical Review A, Vol. 90, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.90.043840	journal	October 2014
Laboratory Test of the Isotropy of Light Propagation at the $10^{- 17}$ Level Eisele, Ch.; Nevsky, A. Yu.; Schiller, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.090401	journal	August 2009
Analysis of thickness modes of contoured doubly rotated, quartz resonators EerNisse, E. P. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/58.949744	journal	September 2001
New Limit on Lorentz- and $C P T$ -Violating Neutron Spin Interactions Brown, J. M.; Smullin, S. J.; Kornack, T. W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.151604	journal	October 2010
Matter-gravity couplings and Lorentz violation Kostelecký, V. Alan; Tasson, Jay D. Physical Review D, Vol. 83, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.016013	journal	January 2011
Constraints on Lorentz violation from clock-comparison experiments Kostelecký, V. Alan; Lane, Charles D. Physical Review D, Vol. 60, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.60.116010	journal	November 1999
Significant step in ultra-high stability quartz crystal oscillators Salzenstein, P.; Kuna, A.; Sojdr, L. Electronics Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.1828	journal	January 2010
Michelson–Morley analogue for electrons using trapped ions to test Lorentz symmetry Pruttivarasin, T.; Ramm, M.; Porsev, S. G. Nature, Vol. 517, Issue 7536 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14091	journal	January 2015

Similar Records

Gauge invariant nonlinear electrodynamics motivated by a spontaneous breaking of the Lorentz symmetry

Journal Article · Fri Jan 15 00:00:00 EST 2010 · Physical Review. D, Particles Fields · OSTI ID:1239433

Alfaro, Jorge; Urrutia, Luis F

Neutrino interferometry for high-precision tests of Lorentz symmetry with IceCube

Journal Article · Mon Jul 16 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Nature Physics · OSTI ID:1239433

Aartsen, M. G.

Tests of Lorentz invariance at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Journal Article · Thu Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Physical Review D · OSTI ID:1239433

Aharmim, B.; Ahmed, S. N.; Anthony, A. E.; +130 more

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS

Title: Acoustic Tests of Lorentz Symmetry Using Quartz Oscillators

Citation Formats

References (77)

Similar Records

Related Subjects