Lignin is a high-volume byproduct from the pulp and paper industry and is currently burned to generate electricity and process heat. Moreover, the industry has been searching for high value-added uses of lignin to improve the process economics. In addition, battery manufacturers are seeking nonfossil sources of graphitic carbon for environmental sustainability. In our work, lignin (which is a cross-linked polymer of phenols, a component of biomass) is converted into graphitic porous carbon using a two-step conversion. Lignin is first carbonized in water at 300 °C and 1500 psi to produce biochar, which is then graphitized using a metal nitrate catalyst at 900–1100 °C in an inert gas at 15 psi. Graphitization effectiveness of three different catalysts—iron, cobalt, and manganese nitrates—is examined. The product is analyzed for morphology, thermal stability, surface properties, and electrical conductivity. Both temperature and catalyst type influenced the degree of graphitization. A good quality graphitic carbon was obtained using catalysis by Mn(NO3)2 at 900 °C and Co(NO3)2 at 1100 °C.
Demir, Muslum, Kahveci, Zafer, Aksoy, Burak, Palapati, Naveen K. R., Subramanian, Arunkumar, Cullinan, Harry T., El-Kaderi, Hani M., Harris, Charles T., & Gupta, Ram B. (2015). Graphitic biocarbon from metal-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization of lignin. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 54(43). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02614
@article{osti_1236208,
author = {Demir, Muslum and Kahveci, Zafer and Aksoy, Burak and Palapati, Naveen K. R. and Subramanian, Arunkumar and Cullinan, Harry T. and El-Kaderi, Hani M. and Harris, Charles T. and Gupta, Ram B.},
title = {Graphitic biocarbon from metal-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization of lignin},
annote = {Lignin is a high-volume byproduct from the pulp and paper industry and is currently burned to generate electricity and process heat. Moreover, the industry has been searching for high value-added uses of lignin to improve the process economics. In addition, battery manufacturers are seeking nonfossil sources of graphitic carbon for environmental sustainability. In our work, lignin (which is a cross-linked polymer of phenols, a component of biomass) is converted into graphitic porous carbon using a two-step conversion. Lignin is first carbonized in water at 300 °C and 1500 psi to produce biochar, which is then graphitized using a metal nitrate catalyst at 900–1100 °C in an inert gas at 15 psi. Graphitization effectiveness of three different catalysts—iron, cobalt, and manganese nitrates—is examined. The product is analyzed for morphology, thermal stability, surface properties, and electrical conductivity. Both temperature and catalyst type influenced the degree of graphitization. A good quality graphitic carbon was obtained using catalysis by Mn(NO3)2 at 900 °C and Co(NO3)2 at 1100 °C.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02614},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236208},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
issn = {ISSN 0888-5885},
number = {43},
volume = {54},
place = {United States},
publisher = {American Chemical Society (ACS)},
year = {2015},
month = {10}}