Temperature Distribution within a Cold Cap during Nuclear Waste Vitrification

Dixon, Derek R.; Schweiger, Michael J.; Riley, Brian J.; Pokorny, Richard; Hrma, Pavel

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b00931

Temperature Distribution within a Cold Cap during Nuclear Waste Vitrification

Journal Article · Thu Jun 25 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Environmental Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00931· OSTI ID:1226405

Dixon, Derek R. ^[1]; Schweiger, Michael J. ^[1]; Riley, Brian J. ^[1]; Pokorny, Richard ^[2]; Hrma, Pavel ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (Czech Republic)

The kinetics of the feed-to-glass conversion affects the waste vitrification rate in an electric melter. In this study, the primary area of interest in this conversion process is the cold cap, a layer of reacting feed on top of molten glass. Knowing the temperature profile within a cold cap will help determine its characteristics and relate them to the rate of glass production. The work presented here provides an experimental determination of the temperature distribution within the cold cap. Since a direct measurement of the temperature field within the cold cap is impracticable, an indirect method was developed where the textural features in a laboratory-made cold cap with a high-level waste feed were mapped as a function of position using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. To correlate the temperature distribution to microstructures within the cold cap, microstructures were identified of individual feed samples that were heat treated to set temperatures between 400°C and 1200°C and quenched. The temperature distribution within the cold cap was then established by correlating cold-cap regions with the feed samples of nearly identical structures and was compared with the temperature profile from a mathematical model.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1226405

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--108118; 48708; 830403000

Journal Information:: Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 49; ISSN 0013-936X

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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