Pathways to low-cost electrochemical energy storage: a comparison of aqueous and nonaqueous flow batteries

Darling, Robert M.; Gallagher, Kevin G.; Kowalski, Jeffrey A.; Ha, Seungbum; Brushett, Fikile R.

doi:10.1039/C4EE02158D

Title: Pathways to low-cost electrochemical energy storage: a comparison of aqueous and nonaqueous flow batteries

Journal Article · Sat Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE02158D· OSTI ID:1214394

Darling, Robert M. ^[1]; Gallagher, Kevin G. ^[2]; Kowalski, Jeffrey A. ^[3]; Ha, Seungbum ^[2]; Brushett, Fikile R. ^[4]

Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT (United States)
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Chemical Sciences and Engineering Div.
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States) (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering

Energy storage is increasingly seen as a valuable asset for electricity grids composed of high fractions of intermittent sources, such as wind power or, in developing economies, unreliable generation and transmission services. However, the potential of batteries to meet the stringent cost and durability requirements for grid applications is largely unquantified. We investigate electrochemical systems capable of economically storing energy for hours and present an analysis of the relationships among technological performance characteristics, component cost factors, and system price for established and conceptual aqueous and nonaqueous batteries. We identified potential advantages of nonaqueous flow batteries over those based on aqueous electrolytes; however, new challenging constraints burden the nonaqueous approach, including the solubility of the active material in the electrolyte. Requirements in harmony with economically effective energy storage are derived for aqueous and nonaqueous systems. The attributes of flow batteries are compared to those of aqueous and nonaqueous enclosed and hybrid (semi-flow) batteries. Flow batteries are a promising technology for reaching these challenging energy storage targets owing to their independent power and energy scaling, reliance on facile and reversible reactants, and potentially simpler manufacture as compared to established enclosed batteries such as lead–acid or lithium-ion.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1214394

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 7, Issue 11; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 453 works

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Toward High‐Voltage, Energy‐Dense, and Durable Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: Role of the Supporting Electrolytes Chen, Ruiyong ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201801505	journal	September 2018
Linked Picolinamide Nickel Complexes as Redox Carriers for Nonaqueous Flow Batteries Chu, Terry; Popov, Ivan A.; Andrade, Gabriel A. ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201802985	journal	February 2019
A General Technoeconomic Model for Evaluating Emerging Electrolytic Processes Orella, Michael J.; Brown, Steven M.; Leonard, McLain E. Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201900994	journal	December 2019
Development and study of solid polymer electrolytes based on PVdF-HFP/PVAc: Mg (ClO4)2 for Mg ion batteries Ponmani, S.; Prabhu, M. Ramesh Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 29, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9649-0	journal	July 2018
Nanoporous aramid nanofibre separators for nonaqueous redox flow batteries Tung, Siu on; Fisher, Sydney L.; Kotov, Nicholas A. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05752-x	journal	October 2018
Hydrophilic microporous membranes for selective ion separation and flow-battery energy storage Tan, Rui; Wang, Anqi; Malpass-Evans, Richard Nature Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0536-8	journal	December 2019
Organic Redox Species in Aqueous Flow Batteries: Redox Potentials, Chemical Stability and Solubility Wedege, Kristina; Dražević, Emil; Konya, Denes Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39101	journal	December 2016
Bioinspired, high-stability, nonaqueous redox flow battery electrolytes Huang, Haobo; Howland, Rachael; Agar, Ertan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00365j	journal	January 2017
Emerging investigator series: capacitive deionization for selective removal of nitrate and perchlorate: impacts of ion selectivity and operating constraints on treatment costs Hand, Steven; Cusick, Roland D. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ew01105f	journal	January 2020
Different positive electrode materials in organic and aqueous systems for aluminium ion batteries Ru, Yue; Zheng, Shasha; Xue, Huaiguo Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01550g	journal	January 2019
Progress and directions in low-cost redox-flow batteries for large-scale energy storage Li, Bin; Liu, Jun National Science Review, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nww098	journal	January 2017
An Electrochemical Study on the Cathode of the Intermediate Temperature Tubular Sodium-Sulfur (NaS) Battery Nikiforidis, G.; Jongerden, G. J.; Jongerden, E. F. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0491902jes	journal	January 2019
Consequences of ligand derivatization on the electronic properties of polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters Schurr, Bradley E.; Nachtigall, Olaf; Vangelder, Lauren E. Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7861775.v1	text	January 2019
Value of storage technologies for wind and solar energy Braff, William A.; Mueller, Joshua M.; Trancik, Jessika E. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3045	journal	June 2016
A cobalt sulfide cluster-based catholyte for aqueous flow battery applications Freeman, Matthew B.; Wang, Le; Jones, Daniel S. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05788e	journal	January 2018
Consequences of ligand derivatization on the electronic properties of polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters Schurr, Bradley E.; Nachtigall, Olaf; VanGelder, Lauren E. Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7861775	text	January 2019
Porphyrin-Based Symmetric Redox-Flow Batteries towards Cold-Climate Energy Storage Ma, Ting; Pan, Zeng; Miao, Licheng Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201713423	journal	February 2018
A Unique Single‐Ion Mediation Approach for Crossover‐Free Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries with a Na ⁺ ‐Ion Solid Electrolyte Yu, Xingwen; Yu, Wiley A.; Manthiram, Arumugam Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900697	journal	November 2019
Critical Review—Experimental Diagnostics and Material Characterization Techniques Used on Redox Flow Batteries Gandomi, Y. Ashraf; Aaron, D. S.; Houser, J. R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0601805jes	journal	January 2018

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