Expanding genomics of mycorrhizal symbiosis

Kuo, Alan; Kohler, Annegret; Martin, Francis M.; Grigoriev, Igor V.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00582

Expanding genomics of mycorrhizal symbiosis

Journal Article · Tue Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Frontiers in Microbiology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00582· OSTI ID:1213050

Kuo, Alan ^[1]; Kohler, Annegret ^[2]; Martin, Francis M. ^[2]; Grigoriev, Igor V. ^[1]

United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA (United States)
Universite de Lorraine, Nancy (France). Lab. of Excellence for Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems

The mycorrhizal symbiosis between soil fungi and plant roots is a ubiquitous mutualism that plays key roles in plant nutrition, soil health, and carbon cycling. The symbiosis evolved repeatedly and independently as multiple morphotypes [e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), ectomycorrhizal (ECM)] in multiple fungal clades (e.g., phyla Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota). The accessibility and cultivability of many mycorrhizal partners make them ideal models for symbiosis studies. Alongside molecular, physiological, and ecological investigations, sequencing led to the first three mycorrhizal fungal genomes, representing two morphotypes and three phyla. The genome of the ECM basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor showed that the mycorrhizal lifestyle can evolve through loss of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) and expansion of lineage-specific gene families such as short secreted protein (SSP) effectors. The genome of the ECM ascomycete Tuber melanosporum showed that the ECM type can evolve without expansion of families as in Laccaria, and thus a different set of symbiosis genes. The genome of the AM glomeromycete Rhizophagus irregularis showed that despite enormous phylogenetic distance and morphological difference from the other two fungi, symbiosis can involve similar solutions as symbiosis-induced SSPs and loss of PCWDEs. The three genomes provide a solid base for addressing fundamental questions about the nature and role of a vital mutualism.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1213050

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1424218

Report Number(s):: LBNL--177928

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Name: Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 5; ISSN 1664-302X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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