Detecting regular sound changes in linguistics as events of concerted evolution

Hruschka, Daniel  J.; Branford, Simon; Smith, Eric  D.; Wilkins, Jon; Meade, Andrew; Pagel, Mark; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.064

Title: Detecting regular sound changes in linguistics as events of concerted evolution

Journal Article · Thu Dec 18 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Current Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.064· OSTI ID:1201752

Hruschka, Daniel J. ^[1]; Branford, Simon ^[2]; Smith, Eric D. ^[3]; Wilkins, Jon ^[4]; Meade, Andrew ^[2]; Pagel, Mark ^[5]; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy ^[6]

Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
Univ. of Reading, Reading (United Kingdom)
The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM (United States); George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA (United States). Krasnow Inst. for Advanced Study
The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM (United States); Ronin Inst., Montclair, NJ (United States)
Univ. of Reading, Reading (United Kingdom); The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM (United States)
The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Background: Concerted evolution is normally used to describe parallel changes at different sites in a genome, but it is also observed in languages where a specific phoneme changes to the same other phoneme in many words in the lexicon—a phenomenon known as regular sound change. We develop a general statistical model that can detect concerted changes in aligned sequence data and apply it to study regular sound changes in the Turkic language family. Results: Linguistic evolution, unlike the genetic substitutional process, is dominated by events of concerted evolutionary change. Our model identified more than 70 historical events of regular sound change that occurred throughout the evolution of the Turkic language family, while simultaneously inferring a dated phylogenetic tree. Including regular sound changes yielded an approximately 4-fold improvement in the characterization of linguistic change over a simpler model of sporadic change, improved phylogenetic inference, and returned more reliable and plausible dates for events on the phylogenies. The historical timings of the concerted changes closely follow a Poisson process model, and the sound transition networks derived from our model mirror linguistic expectations. Conclusions: We demonstrate that a model with no prior knowledge of complex concerted or regular changes can nevertheless infer the historical timings and genealogical placements of events of concerted change from the signals left in contemporary data. Our model can be applied wherever discrete elements—such as genes, words, cultural trends, technologies, or morphological traits—can change in parallel within an organism or other evolving group.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1201752

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1234707

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-14-29463; PII: S0960982214013736

Journal Information:: Current Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 1; ISSN 0960-9822

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 22 works

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