Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Materials by Selective Extraction

Naguib, Michael; Gogotsi, Yury

doi:10.1021/ar500346b

Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Materials by Selective Extraction

Journal Article · Tue Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Accounts of Chemical Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/ar500346b· OSTI ID:1185695

Naguib, Michael ^[1]; Gogotsi, Yury ^[2]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Div.
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States). A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Inst. and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted much attention in the past decade. They offer high specific surface area, as well as electronic structure and properties that differ from their bulk counterparts due to the low dimensionality. Graphene is the best known and the most studied 2D material, but metal oxides and hydroxides (including clays), dichalcogenides, boron nitride (BN), and other materials that are one or several atoms thick are receiving increasing attention. They may deliver a combination of properties that cannot be provided by other materials. The most common synthesis approach in general is by reacting different elements or compounds to form a new compound. However, this approach does not necessarily work well for low-dimensional structures, since it favors formation of energetically preferred 3D (bulk) solids. Many 2D materials are produced by exfoliation of van der Waals solids, such as graphite or MoS2, breaking large particles into 2D layers. However, these approaches are not universal; for example, 2D transition metal carbides cannot be produced by any of them. An alternative but less studied way of material synthesis is the selective extraction process, which is based on the difference in reactivity and stability between the different components (elements or structural units) of the original material. It can be achieved using thermal, chemical, or electrochemical processes. Many 2D materials have been synthesized using selective extraction, such as graphene from SiC, transition metal oxides (TMO) from layered 3D salts, and transition metal carbides or carbonitrides (MXenes) from MAX phases. Selective extraction synthesis is critically important when the bonds between the building blocks of the material are too strong (e.g., in carbides) to be broken mechanically in order to form nanostructures. Unlike extractive metallurgy, where the extracted metal is the goal of the process, selective extraction of one or more elements from the precursor materials releases 2D structures. In this Account, in addition to graphene and TMO, we focused on MXenes as an example for the use of selective extraction synthesis to produce novel 2D materials. About 10 new carbides and carbonitrides of transition metals have been produced by this method in the past 3 years. They offer an unusual combination of metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity and show very attractive electrochemical properties. We hope that this Account will encourage researchers to extend the use of selective extraction to other layered material systems that in turn will result in expanding the world of nanomaterials in general and 2D materials in particular, generating new materials that cannot be produced by other means.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1185695

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1210238
OSTI ID: 1386343

Journal Information:: Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Name: Accounts of Chemical Research Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 48; ISSN 0001-4842

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (88)

MAX Phases Barsoum, Michel W. Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527654581	book	January 2013
Carbide-Derived Carbons - From Porous Networks to Nanotubes and Graphene Presser, Volker; Heon, Min; Gogotsi, Yury Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201002094	journal	February 2011
Novel Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides Khazaei, Mohammad; Arai, Masao; Sasaki, Taizo Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201202502	journal	December 2012
Nanoporous Gold Leaf: ?Ancient Technology?/Advanced Material Ding, Y.; Kim, Y. -J.; Erlebacher, J. Advanced Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400792	journal	November 2004
Nanosheets of Oxides and Hydroxides: Ultimate 2D Charge-Bearing Functional Crystallites Ma, Renzhi; Sasaki, Takayoshi Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201001722	journal	October 2010
Two-Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti₃AlC₂ Naguib, Michael; Kurtoglu, Murat; Presser, Volker Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 37, p. 4248-4253 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201102306	journal	August 2011
25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two-Dimensional Materials Naguib, Michael; Mochalin, Vadym N.; Barsoum, Michel W. Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 7, p. 992-1005 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201304138	journal	December 2013
Solving the Capacitive Paradox of 2D MXene using Electrochemical Quartz-Crystal Admittance and In Situ Electronic Conductance Measurements Levi, Mikhael D.; Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Sigalov, Sergey Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201400815	journal	August 2014
Preparation of Ruthenic Acid Nanosheets and Utilization of Its Interlayer Surface for Electrochemical Energy Storage Sugimoto, Wataru; Iwata, Hideki; Yasunaga, Yutaka Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 42, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200351691	journal	September 2003
Ultrathin Nanosheets of MAX Phases with Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties in Polymeric Compositions: Ti ₃ Si _0.75 Al _0.25 C ₂ Zhang, Xiaodong; Xu, Jianguang; Wang, Hui Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201300285	journal	March 2013
Room-Temperature Carbide-Derived Carbon Synthesis by Electrochemical Etching of MAX Phases Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Halim, Joseph; Dyatkin, Boris Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201402513	journal	April 2014
Microstructure and phase transformation of Ti₃AC₂ (A = Al, Si) in hydrofluoric acid solution Chen, Beibei; Chang, Fangyuan; Yang, Jin Crystal Research and Technology, Vol. 49, Issue 10, p. 813-819 https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.201400189	journal	August 2014
The Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides Oyama, S. T. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1565-7	book	January 1996
Die Kristallstruktur von V2C Yvon, K.; Rieger, W.; Nowotny, H. Monatshefte f�r Chemie, Vol. 97, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00932738	journal	January 1966
LEED and Auger electron observations of the SiC(0001) surface Van Bommel, A. J.; Crombeen, J. E.; Van Tooren, A. Surface Science, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(75)90419-7	journal	March 1975
Noncatalytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphite on SiC Cambaz, Z. Goknur; Yushin, Gleb; Osswald, Sebastian Carbon, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.02.013	journal	May 2008
Graphene-like titanium carbides and nitrides Tin+1Cn, Tin+1Nn (n=1, 2, and 3) from de-intercalated MAX phases: First-principles probing of their structural, electronic properties and relative stability Shein, I. R.; Ivanovskii, A. L. Computational Materials Science, Vol. 65 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.07.011	journal	December 2012
First-principles study on structural, electronic and elastic properties of graphene-like hexagonal Ti2C monolayer Wang, Shun; Li, Jing-Xiao; Du, Yu-Lei Computational Materials Science, Vol. 83 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.11.025	journal	February 2014
Transitional structures of the interface between graphene and 6H–SiC (0001) Norimatsu, Wataru; Kusunoki, Michiko Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 468, Issue 1-3, p. 52-56 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.11.095	journal	January 2009
MXene: a promising transition metal carbide anode for lithium-ion batteries Naguib, Michael; Come, Jérémy; Dyatkin, Boris Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 16, Issue 1, p. 61-64 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2012.01.002	journal	March 2012
High capacitance of surface-modified 2D titanium carbide in acidic electrolyte Dall'Agnese, Yohan; Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Cook, Kevin M. Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2014.09.002	journal	November 2014
Two-dimensional Sc₂C: A reversible and high-capacity hydrogen storage material predicted by first-principles calculations Hu, Qianku; Wang, Haiyan; Wu, Qinghua International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 39, Issue 20, p. 10606-10612 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.037	journal	July 2014
Synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles deposited on graphene-like transition metal carbide as an effective catalyst for the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride Li, Xiaojing; Fan, Guangyin; Zeng, Chunmei International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 39, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.07.029	journal	September 2014
Structure of a new bulk Ti5Al2C3 MAX phase produced by the topotactic transformation of Ti2AlC Lane, Nina J.; Naguib, Michael; Lu, Jun Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 32, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.03.035	journal	September 2012
Two-dimensional titanium carbonitrides and their hydroxylated derivatives: Structural, electronic properties and stability of MXenes Ti3C2−xNx(OH)2 from DFTB calculations Enyashin, A. N.; Ivanovskii, A. L. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 207 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2013.09.010	journal	November 2013
Kinetics of aluminum extraction from Ti3AlC2 in hydrofluoric acid Mashtalir, Olha; Naguib, Michael; Dyatkin, Boris Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 139, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.01.008	journal	April 2013
Synthesis of a new graphene-like transition metal carbide by de-intercalating Ti₃AlC₂ Chang, Fangyuan; Li, Changsheng; Yang, Jin Materials Letters, Vol. 109, p. 295-298 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.07.102	journal	October 2013
Preparation of MXene-Cu2O nanocomposite and effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate Gao, Yupeng; Wang, Libo; Li, Zhengyang Solid State Sciences, Vol. 35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2014.06.014	journal	September 2014
Planar nano-block structures Tin+1Al0.5Cn and Tin+1Cn (n=1, and 2) from MAX phases: Structural, electronic properties and relative stability from first principles calculations Shein, I. R.; Ivanovskii, A. L. Superlattices and Microstructures, Vol. 52, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2012.04.014	journal	August 2012
Calculated elastic properties of M2AlC (M=Ti, V, Cr, Nb and Ta) Sun, Zhimei; Li, Sa; Ahuja, Rajeev Solid State Communications, Vol. 129, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2003.12.008	journal	March 2004
Electronic and optical properties of 2D graphene-like compounds titanium carbides and nitrides: DFT calculations Lashgari, H.; Abolhassani, M. R.; Boochani, A. Solid State Communications, Vol. 195 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2014.06.008	journal	October 2014
Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene as a High Capacity Electrode Material for Metal (Li, Na, K, Ca) Ion Batteries Er, Dequan; Li, Junwen; Naguib, Michael ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/am501144q	journal	June 2014
Tunable Indirect to Direct Band Gap Transition of Monolayer Sc ₂ CO ₂ by the Strain Effect Lee, Youngbin; Cho, Sung Beom; Chung, Yong-Chae ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/am504233d	journal	August 2014
Osmotic Swelling of Layered Compounds as a Route to Producing High-Quality Two-Dimensional Materials. A Comparative Study of Tetramethylammonium versus Tetrabutylammonium Cation in a Lepidocrocite-type Titanate Maluangnont, Tosapol; Matsuba, Kazuaki; Geng, Fengxia Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm401409s	journal	July 2013
Transparent Conductive Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide Epitaxial Thin Films Halim, Joseph; Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Cook, Kevin M. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm500641a	journal	March 2014
Interlayer chemistry between thick transition-metal oxide layers: synthesis and intercalation reactions of K[Ca2Nan-3NbnO3n+1] (3 .ltoreq. n .ltoreq. 7) Jacobson, A. J.; Johnson, Jack W.; Lewandowski, J. T. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 24, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00217a006	journal	November 1985
A2Ln2Ti3O10 (A = potassium or rubidium; Ln = lanthanum or rare earth): a new series of layered perovskites exhibiting ion exchange Gopalakrishnan, J.; Bhat, Vasudeva Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 26, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00273a001	journal	December 1987
A Layered Tungstic Acid H ₂ W ₂ O ₇ · n H ₂ O with a Double-Octahedral Sheet Structure: Conversion Process from an Aurivillius Phase Bi ₂ W ₂ O ₉ and Structural Characterization Kudo, Manabu; Ohkawa, Hajime; Sugimoto, Wataru Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 42, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic0206746	journal	June 2003
Ion exchange and dehydration of layered [sodium and potassium] titanates, Na2Ti3O7 and K2Ti4O9 Izawa, H.; Kikkawa, S.; Koizumi, M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 86, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100222a036	journal	December 1982
Redoxable Nanosheet Crystallites of MnO ₂ Derived via Delamination of a Layered Manganese Oxide Omomo, Yoshitomo; Sasaki, Takayoshi Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 125, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja021364p	journal	March 2003
Are MXenes Promising Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries? Computational Studies on Electronic Properties and Li Storage Capability of Ti ₃ C ₂ and Ti ₃ C ₂ X ₂ (X = F, OH) Monolayer Tang, Qing; Zhou, Zhen; Shen, Panwen Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja308463r	journal	September 2012
New Two-Dimensional Niobium and Vanadium Carbides as Promising Materials for Li-Ion Batteries Naguib, Michael; Halim, Joseph; Lu, Jun Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja405735d	journal	October 2013
Unique Lead Adsorption Behavior of Activated Hydroxyl Group in Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide Peng, Qiuming; Guo, Jianxin; Zhang, Qingrui Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja500506k	journal	March 2014
Role of Surface Structure on Li-Ion Energy Storage Capacity of Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Carbides Xie, Yu; Naguib, Michael; Mochalin, Vadym N. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja501520b	journal	April 2014
Macromolecule-like Aspects for a Colloidal Suspension of an Exfoliated Titanate. Pairwise Association of Nanosheets and Dynamic Reassembling Process Initiated from It Sasaki, Takayoshi; Watanabe, Mamoru; Hashizume, Hideo Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 118, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960073b	journal	January 1996
New Conversion Reaction of an Aurivillius Phase into the Protonated Form of the Layered Perovskite by the Selective Leaching of the Bismuth Oxide Sheet Sugimoto, Wataru; Shirata, Masashi; Sugahara, Yoshiyuki Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 121, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9927265	journal	December 1999
Ultrathin Epitaxial Graphite: 2D Electron Gas Properties and a Route toward Graphene-based Nanoelectronics Berger, Claire; Song, Zhimin; Li, Tianbo The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 52, p. 19912-19916 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp040650f	journal	December 2004
Structural and Electronic Properties and Stability of MX enes Ti ₂ C and Ti ₃ C ₂ Functionalized by Methoxy Groups Enyashin, Andrey N.; Ivanovskii, Alexander L. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp401820b	journal	June 2013
MXene: A New Family of Promising Hydrogen Storage Medium Hu, Qianku; Sun, Dandan; Wu, Qinghua The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 117, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp409585v	journal	December 2013
Tunable Band Structures of Heterostructured Bilayers with Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide and MXene Monolayer Ma, Zhinan; Hu, Zhenpeng; Zhao, Xudong The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp500861n	journal	March 2014
Role of Strain and Concentration on the Li Adsorption and Diffusion Properties on Ti ₂ C Layer Zhao, Shijun; Kang, Wei; Xue, Jianming The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp504493a	journal	June 2014
Anisotropic Etching of SiC Whiskers Cambaz, Goknur Z.; Yushin, Gleb N.; Gogotsi, Yury Nano Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl051858v	journal	March 2006
Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides Naguib, Michael; Mashtalir, Olha; Carle, Joshua ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204153h	journal	January 2012
Prediction and Characterization of MXene Nanosheet Anodes for Non-Lithium-Ion Batteries Xie, Yu; Dall’Agnese, Yohan; Naguib, Michael ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn503921j	journal	August 2014
Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance Ghidiu, Michael; Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Zhao, Meng-Qiang Nature, Vol. 516, Issue 7529 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13970	journal	November 2014
Intercalation and delamination of layered carbides and carbonitrides Mashtalir, Olha; Naguib, Michael; Mochalin, Vadym N. Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2664	journal	April 2013
Towards wafer-size graphene layers by atmospheric pressure graphitization of silicon carbide Emtsev, Konstantin V.; Bostwick, Aaron; Horn, Karsten Nature Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2382	journal	February 2009
Synthesis of nanometre-thick MoO ₃ sheets Kalantar-zadeh, Kourosh; Tang, Jianshi; Wang, Minsheng Nanoscale, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/B9NR00320G	journal	January 2010
Ultrathin V ₂ O ₅ nanosheet cathodes: realizing ultrafast reversible lithium storage Rui, Xianhong; Lu, Ziyang; Yu, Hong Nanoscale, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2NR33422D	journal	January 2013
One-step synthesis of nanocrystalline transition metal oxides on thin sheets of disordered graphitic carbon by oxidation of MXenes Naguib, Michael; Mashtalir, Olha; Lukatskaya, Maria R. Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 56 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC01646G	journal	January 2014
Synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional Nb ₄ C ₃ (MXene) Ghidiu, M.; Naguib, M.; Shi, C. Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 67 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC03366C	journal	January 2014
Two-dimensional molybdenum carbides: potential thermoelectric materials of the MXene family Khazaei, Mohammad; Arai, Masao; Sasaki, Taizo Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 16, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CP00467A	journal	January 2014
Surface Al leached Ti ₃ AlC ₂ as a substitute for carbon for use as a catalyst support in a harsh corrosive electrochemical system Xie, Xiaohong; Xue, Yun; Li, Li Nanoscale, Vol. 6, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR02080D	journal	January 2014
Intercalation and exfoliation routes to graphite nanoplatelets Viculis, Lisa M.; Mack, Julia J.; Mayer, Oren M. Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/b413029d	journal	January 2005
Exfoliated oxide nanosheets: new solution to nanoelectronics Osada, Minoru; Sasaki, Takayoshi Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 19, Issue 17, p. 2503-2511 https://doi.org/10.1039/b820160a	journal	January 2009
An extraordinarily stable catalyst: Pt NPs supported on two-dimensional Ti3C2X2 (X = OH, F) nanosheets for oxygen reduction reaction Xie, Xiaohong; Chen, Siguo; Ding, Wei Chemical Communications, Vol. 49, Issue 86 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc44428g	journal	January 2013
Epitaxial graphene on SiC{0001}: advances and perspectives Norimatsu, Wataru; Kusunoki, Michiko Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp54523g	journal	January 2014
Manipulation of electronic and magnetic properties of M ₂ C (M = Hf, Nb, Sc, Ta, Ti, V, Zr) monolayer by applying mechanical strains Zhao, Shijun; Kang, Wei; Xue, Jianming Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4870515	journal	March 2014
Two-dimensional atomic crystals Novoselov, K. S.; Jiang, D.; Schedin, F. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 102, Issue 30, p. 10451-10453 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502848102	journal	July 2005
Large area and structured epitaxial graphene produced by confinement controlled sublimation of silicon carbide de Heer, W. A.; Berger, C.; Ruan, M. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105113108	journal	September 2011
Flexible and conductive MXene films and nanocomposites with high capacitance Ling, Zheng; Ren, Chang E.; Zhao, Meng-Qiang Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414215111	journal	November 2014
A Nanolaminated Magnetic Phase: Mn ₂ GaC Ingason, A. S.; Petruhins, A.; Dahlqvist, M. Materials Research Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2013.865105	journal	November 2013
The effect of the interlayer element on the exfoliation of layered Mo ₂ AC (A = Al, Si, P, Ga, Ge, As or In) MAX phases into two-dimensional Mo ₂ C nanosheets Khazaei, Mohammad; Arai, Masao; Sasaki, Taizo Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/15/1/014208	journal	February 2014
Rotational disorder in few-layer graphene films on 6 H − Si C ( 000 − 1 ) : A scanning tunneling microscopy study Varchon, François; Mallet, Pierre; Magaud, Laurence Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.165415	journal	April 2008
Growth mechanism for epitaxial graphene on vicinal 6 H -SiC ( 0001 ) surfaces: A scanning tunneling microscopy study Hupalo, M.; Conrad, E. H.; Tringides, M. C. Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.041401	journal	July 2009
Unconventional superconducting phase in the weakly correlated noncentrosymmetric Mo 3 Al 2 C compound Bauer, E.; Rogl, G.; Chen, Xing-Qiu Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.064511	journal	August 2010
Hybrid density functional study of structural and electronic properties of functionalized Ti n + 1 X n ( X = C , N) monolayers Xie, Yu; Kent, P. R. C. Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.235441	journal	June 2013
First-principles analysis of MoS 2 /Ti 2 C and MoS 2 /Ti 2 C Y 2 ( Y = F and OH) all-2D semiconductor/metal contacts Gan, Li-Yong; Zhao, Yu-Jun; Huang, Dan Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.245307	journal	June 2013
Enhanced and tunable surface plasmons in two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 stacks: Electronic structure versus boundary effects Mauchamp, Vincent; Bugnet, Matthieu; Bellido, Edson P. Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.235428	journal	June 2014
Structure of Nanocrystalline Ti 3 C 2 MXene Using Atomic Pair Distribution Function Shi, Chenyang; Beidaghi, Majid; Naguib, Michael Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.125501	journal	March 2014
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films Novoselov, K. S. Science, Vol. 306, Issue 5696, p. 666-669 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896	journal	October 2004
Wafer-Scale Graphene Integrated Circuit Lin, Y. -M.; Valdes-Garcia, A.; Han, S. -J. Science, Vol. 332, Issue 6035 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204428	journal	June 2011
Cation Intercalation and High Volumetric Capacitance of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide Lukatskaya, M. R.; Mashtalir, O.; Ren, C. E. Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6153 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241488	journal	September 2013
A Non-Aqueous Asymmetric Cell with a Ti ₂ C-Based Two-Dimensional Negative Electrode Come, J.; Naguib, M.; Rozier, P. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.003208jes	journal	January 2012
Bio-nanocomposites by Assembling of Gelatin and Layered Perovskite Mixed Oxides Ruiz, Ana I.; Darder, Margarita; Aranda, Pilar Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.216	journal	June 2006
Correlation effects and spin-orbit interactions in two-dimensional hexagonal 5d transition metal carbides, Ta _n+1 C _n (n = 1,2,3) Lane, Nina J.; Barsoum, Michel W.; Rondinelli, James M. EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 101, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/101/57004	journal	March 2013
Formation of nanoporous platinum by selective dissolution of Cu from Cu _0.75 Pt _0.25 Pugh, D. V.; Dursun, A.; Corcoran, S. G. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2003.0030	journal	January 2003
First principles study of two-dimensional early transition metal carbides Kurtoglu, Murat; Naguib, Michael; Gogotsi, Yury MRS Communications, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2012.25	journal	October 2012

Cited By (108)

Facile Solution Processing of Stable MXene Dispersions towards Conductive Composite Fibers Seyedin, Shayan; Zhang, Jizhen; Usman, Ken Aldren S. Global Challenges, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201900037	journal	July 2019
High-Thermal-Stability and High-Thermal-Conductivity Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) Composites Liu, Rui; Li, Weihua ACS Omega, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b02001	journal	March 2018
Penta-BxNy sheet: a density functional theory study of two-dimensional material Li, Jiao; Fan, Xinyu; Wei, Yanpei Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31840	journal	August 2016
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Two-Dimensional RGO/Ti3C2Tx Nanocomposites Shen, Changjie; Wang, Libo; Zhou, Aiguo Nanomaterials, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8020080	journal	January 2018
Electrical Properties of Two-Dimensional Materials Used in Gas Sensors Vargas-Bernal, Rafael Sensors, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061295	journal	March 2019
Layered Orthorhombic Nb ₂ O ₅ @Nb ₄ C ₃ T _x and TiO ₂ @Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x Hierarchical Composites for High Performance Li-ion Batteries Zhang, Chuanfang John; Kim, Seon Joon; Ghidiu, Michael Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201600682	journal	May 2016
3D Metal Carbide@Mesoporous Carbon Hybrid Architecture as a New Polysulfide Reservoir for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Bao, Weizhai; Su, Dawei; Zhang, Wenxue Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201603704	journal	October 2016
Two-Dimensional Nanostructured Materials for Gas Sensing Liu, Xianghong; Ma, Tiantian; Pinna, Nicola Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201702168	journal	August 2017
MXene‐Bonded Flexible Hard Carbon Film as Anode for Stable Na/K‐Ion Storage Sun, Ning; Zhu, Qizhen; Anasori, Babak Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201906282	journal	October 2019
Pristine Titanium Carbide MXene Films with Environmentally Stable Conductivity and Superior Mechanical Strength Chen, Hongwu; Wen, Yeye; Qi, Yingyi Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201906996	journal	November 2019
2D Ultrathin MXene-Based Drug-Delivery Nanoplatform for Synergistic Photothermal Ablation and Chemotherapy of Cancer Han, Xiaoxia; Huang, Ju; Lin, Han Advanced Healthcare Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201701394	journal	February 2018
Promoting Role of MXene Nanosheets in Biomedical Sciences: Therapeutic and Biosensing Innovations Soleymaniha, Mohammadreza; Shahbazi, Mohammad-Ali; Rafieerad, Ali Reza Advanced Healthcare Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201801137	journal	October 2018
Ultrathin MXene-Micropattern-Based Field-Effect Transistor for Probing Neural Activity Xu, Bingzhe; Zhu, Minshen; Zhang, Wencong Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201504657	journal	February 2016
Insight into In Situ Amphiphilic Functionalization of Few-Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets Shen, Jianfeng; Wu, Jingjie; Wang, Man Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201602887	journal	August 2016
Interwoven MXene Nanosheet/Carbon-Nanotube Composites as Li-S Cathode Hosts Liang, Xiao; Rangom, Yverick; Kwok, Chun Yuen Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603040	journal	November 2016
Photoluminescent Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene Quantum Dots for Multicolor Cellular Imaging Xue, Qi; Zhang, Huijie; Zhu, Minshen Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201604847	journal	February 2017
Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) Hantanasirisakul, Kanit; Gogotsi, Yury Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804779	journal	November 2018
Simultaneous Preparation and Functionalization of 2D Materials Assisted by Amphiphilic MoS ₂ Nanosheets Shen, Jianfeng; Pei, Yu; Wang, Man Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600847	journal	December 2016
Ultrathin 2D Nanomaterials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Kumar, Pradip Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901454	journal	November 2019
Front-End-of-Line Integration of Graphene Oxide for Graphene-Based Electrical Platforms Lu, Xiaoling; Munief, Walid-Madhat; Heib, Florian Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201700318	journal	January 2018
Recent Advances in Chemical Functionalization of 2D Black Phosphorous Nanosheets Thurakkal, Shameel; Zhang, Xiaoyan Advanced Science, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201902359	journal	November 2019
Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene Flakes Lipatov, Alexey; Alhabeb, Mohamed; Lukatskaya, Maria R. Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201600255	journal	November 2016
Nanoscale Elastic Changes in 2D Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x (MXene) Pseudocapacitive Electrodes Come, Jeremy; Xie, Yu; Naguib, Michael Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201502290	journal	March 2016
Macroscopic-Scale Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanofiber Architectures for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices Chen, Li-Feng; Feng, Yue; Liang, Hai-Wei Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700826	journal	August 2017
Emergent Pseudocapacitance of 2D Nanomaterials Yu, Xu; Yun, Sol; Yeon, Jeong Seok Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702930	journal	February 2018
2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) as High-Performance Electrode Materials for Lithium-Based Batteries Tang, Xiao; Guo, Xin; Wu, Wenjian Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801897	journal	September 2018
Organic-Base-Driven Intercalation and Delamination for the Production of Functionalized Titanium Carbide Nanosheets with Superior Photothermal Therapeutic Performance Xuan, Jinnan; Wang, Zhiqiang; Chen, Yuyan Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 128, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201606643	journal	October 2016
Fluorine-Free Synthesis of High-Purity Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x (T=OH, O) via Alkali Treatment Li, Tengfei; Yao, Lulu; Liu, Qinglei Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201800887	journal	April 2018
Fluoride‐Free Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Titanium Carbide (MXene) Using A Binary Aqueous System Yang, Sheng; Zhang, Panpan; Wang, Faxing Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201809662	journal	November 2018
A Two-Dimensional Zirconium Carbide by Selective Etching of Al ₃ C ₃ from Nanolaminated Zr ₃ Al ₃ C ₅ Zhou, Jie; Zha, Xianhu; Chen, Fan Y. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201510432	journal	March 2016
Organic-Base-Driven Intercalation and Delamination for the Production of Functionalized Titanium Carbide Nanosheets with Superior Photothermal Therapeutic Performance Xuan, Jinnan; Wang, Zhiqiang; Chen, Yuyan Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201606643	journal	October 2016
Fluorine-Free Synthesis of High-Purity Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x (T=OH, O) via Alkali Treatment Li, Tengfei; Yao, Lulu; Liu, Qinglei Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201800887	journal	April 2018
Fluoride‐Free Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Titanium Carbide (MXene) Using A Binary Aqueous System Yang, Sheng; Zhang, Panpan; Wang, Faxing Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201809662	journal	November 2018
Two-Step Oxidation of Mxene in the Synthesis of Layer-Stacked Anatase Titania with Enhanced Lithium-Storage Performance Tang, Huang; Zhuang, Shihao; Bao, Zhihao ChemElectroChem, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201600078	journal	April 2016
Heterogeneous Nanostructures for Sodium Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors Zhu, Changrong; Yang, Peihua; Chao, Dongliang ChemNanoMat, Vol. 1, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.201500091	journal	September 2015
Emerging Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy Guo, Zilei; Ouyang, Jiang; Kim, Na Yoon ChemPhysChem, Vol. 20, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201900551	journal	August 2019
Two‐Dimensional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Zhang, Ying; Li, Linbo; Guo, Si‐Xuan ChemSusChem, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201901794	journal	October 2019
Two‐dimensional MXenes for lithium‐sulfur batteries Zhang, Chuanfang (John); Cui, Linfan; Abdolhosseinzadeh, Sina InfoMat, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/inf2.12080	journal	January 2020
A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Topological Materials: CdX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) Yi, Xiao; Wang, Wei; Zhou, Pan physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201800466	journal	January 2019
Surface Tension Components Based Selection of Cosolvents for Efficient Liquid Phase Exfoliation of 2D Materials Shen, Jianfeng; Wu, Jingjie; Wang, Man Small, Vol. 12, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201503834	journal	April 2016
Recent Advances in Layered Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene for Electrochemical Energy Storage Xiong, Dongbin; Li, Xifei; Bai, Zhimin Small, Vol. 14, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201703419	journal	February 2018
Hybrid Architectures based on 2D MXenes and Low-Dimensional Inorganic Nanostructures: Methods, Synergies, and Energy-Related Applications Liu, Yi-Tao; Zhu, Xiao-Dong; Pan, Long Small, Vol. 14, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803632	journal	October 2018
Nanoengineering of 2D MXene‐Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications Nan, Jianxiao; Guo, Xin; Xiao, Jun Small https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201902085	journal	July 2019
2D visible-light-driven TiO2@Ti3C2/g-C3N4 ternary heterostructure for high photocatalytic activity Ding, Xiaohui; Li, Yingchun; Li, Chunhu Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 54, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-03289-4	journal	March 2019
Layered BiOBr/Ti3C2 MXene composite with improved visible-light photocatalytic activity Liu, Chao; Xu, Qixiang; Zhang, Qinfang Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2990-0	journal	October 2018
New 2D material Ti3C2 and AgBr co-modified BiOBr with improved photocatalytic activity for degradation of organic pollutants Bai, Yang; Zhang, Kai; Shi, Xian Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02629-7	journal	November 2019
Synthesis of novel nanomaterials and their application in efficient removal of radionuclides Wang, Xiangxue; Chen, Long; Wang, Lin Science China Chemistry, Vol. 62, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-019-9492-4	journal	June 2019
The strategies of advanced cathode composites for lithium-sulfur batteries Zhou, Kuan; Fan, XiaoJing; Wei, XiangFeng Science China Technological Sciences, Vol. 60, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-016-0664-0	journal	January 2017
Recent advances in MXene: Preparation, properties, and applications Lei, Jin-Cheng; Zhang, Xu; Zhou, Zhen Frontiers of Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-015-0493-x	journal	June 2015
Review of MXenes as new nanomaterials for energy storage/delivery and selected environmental applications Jun, Byung-Moon; Kim, Sewoon; Heo, Jiyong Nano Research, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2225-3	journal	October 2018
Graphene for batteries, supercapacitors and beyond El-Kady, Maher F.; Shao, Yuanlong; Kaner, Richard B. Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.33	journal	May 2016
In situ atomistic insight into the growth mechanisms of single layer 2D transition metal carbides Sang, Xiahan; Xie, Yu; Yilmaz, Dundar E. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04610-0	journal	June 2018
Two-dimensional Penta-BP5 Sheets: High-stability, Strain-tunable Electronic Structure and Excellent Mechanical Properties Liu, Shijie; Liu, Bo; Shi, Xuhan Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02011-9	journal	May 2017
One-step Solution Processing of Ag, Au and Pd@MXene Hybrids for SERS Satheeshkumar, Elumalai; Makaryan, Taron; Melikyan, Armen Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32049	journal	August 2016
Tuning two-dimensional nanomaterials by intercalation: materials, properties and applications Wan, Jiayu; Lacey, Steven D.; Dai, Jiaqi Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 45, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00758e	journal	January 2016
TiC ₂ : a new two-dimensional sheet beyond MXenes Zhao, Tianshan; Zhang, Shunhong; Guo, Yaguang Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr04472c	journal	January 2016
Surface group modification and carrier transport properties of layered transition metal carbides (Ti ₂ CT _x , T: –OH, –F and –O) Lai, Shen; Jeon, Jaeho; Jang, Sung Kyu Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr06513e	journal	January 2015
Hydrogen-induced stabilization and tunable electronic structures of penta-silicene: a computational study Ding, Yi; Wang, Yanli Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc02504d	journal	January 2015
Template-free 3D titanium carbide (Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x ) MXene particles crumpled by capillary forces Shah, S. A.; Habib, T.; Gao, H. Chemical Communications, Vol. 53, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cc07733a	journal	January 2017
Raman study of 2D anatase TiO ₂ nanosheets Zhang, Yang; Wu, Wei; Zhang, Ke Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 18, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp05496j	journal	January 2016
H ₂ O ₂ assisted room temperature oxidation of Ti ₂ C MXene for Li-ion battery anodes Ahmed, Bilal; Anjum, Dalaver H.; Hedhili, Mohamed N. Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr00002a	journal	January 2016
The effect of hydrazine intercalation on the structure and capacitance of 2D titanium carbide (MXene) Mashtalir, O.; Lukatskaya, M. R.; Kolesnikov, A. I. Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr01462c	journal	January 2016
Synthesis of two-dimensional titanium nitride Ti ₄ N ₃ (MXene) Urbankowski, Patrick; Anasori, Babak; Makaryan, Taron Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr02253g	journal	January 2016
Solution-processed titanium carbide MXene films examined as highly transparent conductors Mariano, Marina; Mashtalir, Olha; Antonio, Francisco Q. Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr03682a	journal	January 2016
Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x (MXene)–polyacrylamide nanocomposite films Naguib, Michael; Saito, Tomonori; Lai, Sophia RSC Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 76 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra10384g	journal	January 2016
A Cr ₂ CO ₂ monolayer as a promising cathode for lithium and non-lithium ion batteries: a computational exploration Li, Fengyu; Cabrera, Carlos R.; Wang, Jingyang RSC Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 85 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13491b	journal	January 2016
Nanolaminated composite materials: structure, interface role and applications Azadmanjiri, Jalal; Berndt, Christopher C.; Wang, James RSC Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 111 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra20050h	journal	January 2016
MXene as a novel intercalation-type pseudocapacitive cathode and anode for capacitive deionization Srimuk, Pattarachai; Kaasik, Friedrich; Krüner, Benjamin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07833h	journal	January 2016
Titanium carbide sheet based high performance wire type solid state supercapacitors Krishnamoorthy, Karthikeyan; Pazhamalai, Parthiban; Sahoo, Surjit Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta11198j	journal	January 2017
Strain engineering of phonon thermal transport properties in monolayer 2H-MoTe ₂ Shafique, Aamir; Shin, Young-Han Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06065c	journal	January 2017
Effect of glycine functionalization of 2D titanium carbide (MXene) on charge storage Chen, Chi; Boota, Muhammad; Urbankowski, Patrick Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta11347a	journal	January 2018
Electronic properties and applications of MXenes: a theoretical review Khazaei, Mohammad; Ranjbar, Ahmad; Arai, Masao Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7tc00140a	journal	January 2017
Hexagonal Ti ₂ B ₂ monolayer: a promising anode material offering high rate capability for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries Bo, Tao; Liu, Peng-Fei; Xu, Juping Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03362e	journal	January 2018
VC ₂ and V _1/2 Mn _1/2 C ₂ nanosheets with robust mechanical and thermal properties as promising materials for Li-ion batteries Zhang, Bingwen; Zhang, Weiyi; Meng, Qiangqiang Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06487c	journal	January 2019
Applications of 2D MXenes in energy conversion and storage systems Pang, Jinbo; Mendes, Rafael G.; Bachmatiuk, Alicja Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00324f	journal	January 2019
Topochemical synthesis of 2D materials Xiao, Xu; Wang, Hao; Urbankowski, Patrick Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00649k	journal	January 2018
Experimental and theoretical calculation investigation on efficient Pb( ii ) adsorption on etched Ti ₃ AlC ₂ nanofibers and nanosheets Gu, Pengcheng; Xing, Jinlu; Wen, Tao Environmental Science: Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8en00029h	journal	January 2018
Binder-free 2D titanium carbide (MXene)/carbon nanotube composites for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors Yu, Peng; Cao, Gejin; Yi, Sha Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00380g	journal	January 2018
Double transition metal MXenes with wide band gaps and novel magnetic properties Sun, Weiwei; Xie, Yu; Kent, Paul R. C. Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00513c	journal	January 2018
Heterostructures of MXenes and N-doped graphene as highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts Zhou, Si; Yang, Xiaowei; Pei, Wei Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr01090k	journal	January 2018
On the Structural Stability of MXene and the Role of Transition Metal Adatoms Palisaitis, Justinas; Persson, Ingemar; Halim, Joseph Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr01986j	journal	January 2018
Rationally designing S/Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x as a cathode material with an interlayer for high-rate and long-cycle lithium–sulfur batteries Jin, Q.; Zhang, N.; Zhu, C. C. Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr05749d	journal	January 2018
A comparative study on the oxidation of two-dimensional Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene structures in different environments Lotfi, Roghayyeh; Naguib, Michael; Yilmaz, Dundar E. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01468j	journal	January 2018
Exploring the synergy of 2D MXene-supported black phosphorus quantum dots in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions Zhu, Xiao-Dong; Xie, Ying; Liu, Yi-Tao Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08374f	journal	January 2018
Interfacial competition between a borophene-based cathode and electrolyte for the multiple-sulfide immobilization of a lithium sulfur battery Rao, Dewei; Liu, Xiaojing; Yang, Huan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta12176a	journal	January 2019
2D magnetic titanium carbide MXene for cancer theranostics Liu, Zhuang; Zhao, Menglong; Lin, Han Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Vol. 6, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tb00754c	journal	January 2018
Penta-MX ₂ (M = Ni, Pd and Pt; X = P and As) monolayers: direct band-gap semiconductors with high carrier mobility Qian, Shifeng; Sheng, Xiaowei; Xu, Xian Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc06030d	journal	January 2019
Interface engineering in the BNNS@Ti ₃ C ₂ intercalation structure for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution Ai, Zizheng; Chang, Bin; Xu, Chengwei New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01504c	journal	January 2019
Configurable multi-state non-volatile memory behaviors in Ti ₃ C ₂ nanosheets Ding, Guanglong; Zeng, Kelin; Zhou, Kui Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr00747d	journal	January 2019
Selective detection of Fe ³⁺ ions based on fluorescence MXene quantum dots via a mechanism integrating electron transfer and inner filter effect Zhang, Qiuxia; Sun, Yan; Liu, Meiling Nanoscale, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr08794j	journal	January 2020
Layered Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene modified two-dimensional Bi ₂ WO ₆ composites with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance Zhao, Danxia; Cai, Chun Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00570f	journal	January 2019
Effect of vacancies on the structural and electronic properties of Ti ₂ CO ₂ Xiao-Hong, Li; Xiang-Ying, Su; Rui-Zhou, Zhang RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04393d	journal	January 2019
Exploring the potentials of Ti ₃ N ₂ and Ti ₃ N ₂ X ₂ (X = O, F, OH) monolayers as anodes for Li or non-Li ion batteries from first-principles calculations Yu, Hongli; Lin, Wei; Zhang, Yongfan RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 69 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07670k	journal	January 2019
A high-performance trace level acetone sensor using an indispensable V ₄ C ₃ T _x MXene Zhao, Wei-Na; Yun, Na; Dai, Zhen-Hua RSC Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09069j	journal	January 2020
Microscopic dynamics in room-temperature ionic liquids confined in materials for supercapacitor applications Osti, Naresh C.; Mamontov, Eugene Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9se00829b	journal	January 2020
A facile method for synthesizing CuS decorated Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene with enhanced performance for asymmetric supercapacitors Pan, Zhihu; Cao, Fa; Hu, Xing Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00085b	journal	January 2019
Macroporous three-dimensional MXene architectures for highly efficient solar steam generation Zhao, Xing; Zha, Xiang-Jun; Pu, Jun-Hong Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00176j	journal	January 2019
Fluorine-free Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x (T = O, OH) nanosheets (∼50–100 nm) for nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions Li, Tengfei; Yan, Xudong; Huang, Lujun Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta03254a	journal	January 2019
Ionic sieving through Ti ₃ C ₂ (OH) ₂ MXene: First-principles calculations Berdiyorov, Golibjon R.; Madjet, Mohamed E.; Mahmoud, Khaled A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4944393	journal	March 2016
Penta-graphene: A new carbon allotrope Zhang, Shunhong; Zhou, Jian; Wang, Qian Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416591112	journal	February 2015
Layered ternary M _{n +1} AX _n phases and their 2D derivative MXene: an overview from a thin-film perspective Eklund, Per; Rosen, Johanna; Persson, Per O. Å Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa57bc	journal	February 2017
Novel elastic, lattice dynamics and thermodynamic properties of metallic single-layer transition metal phosphides: 2H- M ₂ P (Mo ₂ P, W ₂ P, Nb ₂ P and Ta ₂ P) Yin, Jiuren; Wu, Bozhao; Wang, Yanggang Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 30, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aaaf3c	journal	March 2018
Antiferromagnetic monolayer MnC ₂ with density functional theory prediction Zhang, Bingwen; Zhang, Qinfang; Bai, Yujie Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 30, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aab6c4	journal	April 2018
Elastic properties of 2D Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene monolayers and bilayers Lipatov, Alexey; Lu, Haidong; Alhabeb, Mohamed Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat0491	journal	June 2018
Electrochemical Reduction of TiO ₂ /Al ₂ O ₃ /C to Ti ₃ AlC ₂ and Its Derived Two-Dimensional (2D) Carbides Li, Shangshu; Zou, Xingli; Hu, Yong Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0181803jes	journal	January 2018
Penta-Graphene: a new Carbon Allotrope Zhang, Shunhong; Zhou, Jian; Wang, Qian Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies., Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2015.07.191	journal	December 2015
Front-End-of-Line Integration of Graphene Oxide for Graphene-Based Electrical Platforms Lu, Xiaoling; Munief, Walid-Madhat; Heib, Florian Universität des Saarlandes https://doi.org/10.22028/d291-28881	collection	January 2018
A Semimetal-Like Molybdenum Carbide Quantum Dots Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Agent with High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency Dai, Wenhao; Dong, Haifeng; Zhang, Xueji Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091776	journal	September 2018

Similar Records

Resolving the structure of Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes through multilevel structural modeling of the atomic pair distribution function

Journal Article · Mon Dec 07 19:00:00 EST 2015 · Chemistry of Materials · OSTI ID:1235846

Ten Years of Progress in the Synthesis and Development of MXenes

Journal Article · Sun Aug 15 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · Advanced Materials · OSTI ID:1981347

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Materials by Selective Extraction

Citation Formats

References (88)

Cited By (108)

Similar Records

Related Subjects