Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: from Liquid to Solid Cells?

Lin, Zhan; Liang, Chengdu

doi:10.1039/C4TA04727C

Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: from Liquid to Solid Cells?

Journal Article · Tue Nov 11 00:00:00 EST 2014 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA04727C· OSTI ID:1185628

Lin, Zhan ^[1]; Liang, Chengdu ^[2]

Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (China).
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries supply a theoretical specific energy 5 times higher than that of lithium-ion batteries (2,500 vs. ~500 Wh kg-1). However, the insulating properties and polysulfide shuttle effects of the sulfur cathode and the safety concerns of the lithium anode in liquid electrolytes are still key limitations to practical use of traditional Li-S batteries. In this review, we start with a brief discussion on fundamentals of Li-S batteries and key challenges associated with the conventional liquid cells. Then, we introduce the most recent progresses in the liquid systems, including the sulfur positive electrodes, the lithium negative electrodes, and the electrolytes and binders. We discuss the significance of investigating electrode reaction mechanisms in liquid cells using in-situ techniques to monitor the compositional and morphological changes. By moving from the traditional liquid cells to recent solid cells, we discuss the importance of this game-changing shift with positive advances in both solid electrolytes and electrode materials. Finally, the opportunities and perspectives for future research on Li-S batteries are presented.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1185628

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Journal Name: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 3; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Recent Advances in Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Zhang, Shiguo; Ueno, Kazuhide; Dokko, Kaoru Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500117	journal	April 2015
Acacia Senegal -Inspired Bifunctional Binder for Longevity of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Li, Gaoran; Ling, Min; Ye, Yifan Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500878	journal	August 2015
Na ₃ PSe ₄ : A Novel Chalcogenide Solid Electrolyte with High Ionic Conductivity Zhang, Long; Yang, Kun; Mi, Jianli Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201501294	journal	October 2015
Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Energy Storage Ji, Liwen; Meduri, Praveen; Agubra, Victor Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201502159	journal	June 2016
Recent Developments of the Lithium Metal Anode for Rechargeable Non-Aqueous Batteries Zhang, Kai; Lee, Gi-Hyeok; Park, Mihui Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201600811	journal	July 2016
High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Amorphous Sulfur-Coated Reduced Graphene Oxide Cathodes Yao, Xiayin; Huang, Ning; Han, Fudong Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201602923	journal	May 2017
Review on High-Loading and High-Energy Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Peng, Hong-Jie; Huang, Jia-Qi; Cheng, Xin-Bing Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700260	journal	May 2017
3D TiC/C Core/Shell Nanowire Skeleton for Dendrite-Free and Long-Life Lithium Metal Anode Liu, Sufu; Xia, Xinhui; Zhong, Yu Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702322	journal	December 2017
Fabrication of Sub-Micrometer-Thick Solid Electrolyte Membranes of β-Li ₃ PS ₄ via Tiled Assembly of Nanoscale, Plate-Like Building Blocks Hood, Zachary D.; Wang, Hui; Pandian, Amaresh Samuthira Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800014	journal	May 2018
In Situ Assembly of 2D Conductive Vanadium Disulfide with Graphene as a High-Sulfur-Loading Host for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Zhu, Xingyu; Zhao, Wen; Song, Yingze Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800201	journal	April 2018
Rational Design of a Dual-Function Hybrid Cathode Substrate for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Luo, Liu; Chung, Sheng-Heng; Manthiram, Arumugam Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801014	journal	June 2018
Deciphering the Reaction Mechanism of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by In Situ/Operando Synchrotron‐Based Characterization Techniques Yan, Yingying; Cheng, Chen; Zhang, Liang Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900148	journal	March 2019
Biomaterials for High‐Energy Lithium‐Based Batteries: Strategies, Challenges, and Perspectives Fu, Xuewei; Zhong, Wei‐Hong Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201901774	journal	September 2019
Sulfiphilic Few‐Layered MoSe ₂ Nanoflakes Decorated rGO as a Highly Efficient Sulfur Host for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Tian, Wenzhi; Xi, Baojuan; Feng, Zhenyu Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201901896	journal	August 2019
Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition for Superior Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Strategies, Performance, and Mechanisms Sun, Qian; Lau, Kah Chun; Geng, Dongsheng Batteries & Supercaps, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.201800024	journal	May 2018
1,3-Dioxolane: A Strategy to Improve Electrode Interfaces in Lithium Ion and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries La Monaca, Andrea; De Giorgio, Francesca; Soavi, Francesca ChemElectroChem, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201701348	journal	February 2018
CuS and Cu ₂ S as Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries: A Review Jiang, Kyle; Chen, Zonghai; Meng, Xiangbo ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201900066	journal	March 2019
Synthesis of TiC Nanoparticles Anchored on Hollow Carbon Nanospheres for Enhanced Polysulfide Adsorption in Li-S Batteries Cao, Bokai; Chen, Yong; Li, De ChemSusChem, Vol. 9, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201601145	journal	November 2016
Cobalt‐Tungsten Bimetallic Carbide Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalytic Material for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Zhao, Pengfei; Zhang, Ze; He, Haoxuan ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201901736	journal	October 2019
2 D Materials for Inhibiting the Shuttle Effect in Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Ali, Tariq; Yan, Chenglin ChemSusChem, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201901981	journal	March 2020
Revisiting Scientific Issues for Industrial Applications of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Liu, Bo; Fang, Ruyi; Xie, Dong Energy & Environmental Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12021	journal	December 2018
Separator Membranes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Design Principles, Structure, and Performance Gupta, Aritrajit; Sivaram, Swaminathan Energy Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201800819	journal	April 2019
Cyclic Voltammetry in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries—Challenges and Opportunities Huang, Xia; Wang, Zhiliang; Knibbe, Ruth Energy Technology https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201801001	journal	April 2019
Sulfur-Immobilized Nitrogen and Oxygen Co-Doped Hierarchically Porous Biomass Carbon for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Influence of Sulfur Content and Distribution on Its Performance Chulliyote, Reshma; Hareendrakrishnakumar, Haritha; Raja, Murugan ChemistrySelect, Vol. 2, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201702061	journal	November 2017
Structural Reorganization–Based Nanomaterials as Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Design, Preparation, and Performance Han, Yu; Huang, Guoyong; Xu, Shengming Small, Vol. 16, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201902841	journal	September 2019
Recent achievements on sulfide-type solid electrolytes: crystal structures and electrochemical performance Ma, Ze; Xue, Huai-Guo; Guo, Sheng-Ping Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 53, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1827-6	journal	November 2017
A review of solid electrolytes for safe lithium-sulfur batteries Sun, Ying-Zhi; Huang, Jia-Qi; Zhao, Chen-Zi Science China Chemistry, Vol. 60, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-017-9164-2	journal	November 2017
Graphene-filled versus ionic liquid-filled poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) electrolytic membranes for high energy devices: thermophysical and electrochemical aspects Ullah, Faheem; Javed, Fatima; Akil, Hazizan Md. Iranian Polymer Journal, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-019-00769-5	journal	November 2019
Housing Sulfur in Polymer Composite Frameworks for Li–S Batteries Hencz, Luke; Chen, Hao; Ling, Han Yeu Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0249-1	journal	February 2019
Biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons for lithium-sulfur batteries Imtiaz, Sumair; Zhang, Jian; Zafar, Zahid Ali Science China Materials, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-016-5047-8	journal	May 2016
Hierarchical TiO2 spheres as highly efficient polysulfide host for lithium-sulfur batteries Yang, Zhi-Zheng; Wang, Hui-Yuan; Lu, Lun Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22990	journal	March 2016
A gel-ceramic multi-layer electrolyte for long-life lithium sulfur batteries Wang, Qingsong; Wen, Zhaoyin; Jin, Jun Chemical Communications, Vol. 52, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc08279j	journal	January 2016
Lithium sulfur batteries, a mechanistic review Wild, M.; O'Neill, L.; Zhang, T. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ee01388g	journal	January 2015
Atomic layer deposited TiO ₂ on a nitrogen-doped graphene/sulfur electrode for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries Yu, Mingpeng; Ma, Junsheng; Song, Hongquan Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ee03902a	journal	January 2016
Sulfur double locked by a macro-structural cathode and a solid polymer electrolyte for lithium–sulfur batteries Zhang, Cheng; Lin, Yue; Liu, Jin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01037c	journal	January 2015
A review of recent developments in rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries Kang, Weimin; Deng, Nanping; Ju, Jingge Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr04923k	journal	January 2016
Ultra-small B ₂ O ₃ nanocrystals grown in situ on highly porous carbon microtubes for lithium–iodine and lithium–sulfur batteries Su, Zhong; Tong, Chuan-Jia; He, De-Qing Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta00706f	journal	January 2016
TiN as a simple and efficient polysulfide immobilizer for lithium–sulfur batteries Hao, Zhangxiang; Yuan, Lixia; Chen, Chaoji Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07411a	journal	January 2016
Tailored Li ₂ S–P ₂ S ₅ glass-ceramic electrolyte by MoS ₂ doping, possessing high ionic conductivity for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries Xu, Ruo-chen; Xia, Xin-hui; Wang, Xiu-li Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta10142a	journal	January 2017
A review of flexible lithium–sulfur and analogous alkali metal–chalcogen rechargeable batteries Peng, Hong-Jie; Huang, Jia-Qi; Zhang, Qiang Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00139h	journal	January 2017
Freestanding reduced graphene oxide–sulfur composite films for highly stable lithium–sulfur batteries Luo, Shuwen; Yao, Minjie; Lei, Song Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr00999b	journal	January 2017
Improved lithium-ion and electrically conductive sulfur cathode for all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries Zhang, Cheng; Lin, Yue; Zhu, Yuewu RSC Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02174g	journal	January 2017
Cathode materials for lithium–sulfur batteries: a practical perspective Eftekhari, Ali; Kim, Dong-Won Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00799j	journal	January 2017
Li ₂ S–Embedded copper metal–organic framework cathode with superior electrochemical performance for Li–S batteries Feng, Yan; Zhang, Yuliang; Du, Guixiang New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 42, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02370k	journal	January 2018
Ionically cross-linked PEDOT:PSS as a multi-functional conductive binder for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries Yan, Longlong; Gao, Xiguang; Thomas, Joseph Palathinkal Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8se00167g	journal	January 2018
Recent research trends in Li–S batteries Kumar, Rudra; Liu, Jie; Hwang, Jang-Yeon Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01483c	journal	January 2018
Nano-SiO ₂ -embedded poly(propylene carbonate)-based composite gel polymer electrolyte for lithium–sulfur batteries Huang, Huijia; Ding, Fei; Zhong, Hai Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta03061h	journal	January 2018
Rational design of a mesoporous silica-based cathode for efficient trapping of polysulfides in Li–S batteries Chen, Chao; Xu, Huifang; Zhang, Bingkai Chemical Communications, Vol. 56, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc08242e	journal	January 2020
Managing transport properties in composite electrodes/electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-based batteries Falco, Marisa; Ferrari, Stefania; Appetecchi, Giovanni Battista Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9me00050j	journal	January 2019
The critical role of oxygen-evolution kinetics in the electrochemical stability of oxide superionic conductors Wang, Tiantian; Qiu, Wujie; Feng, Qi Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta04841c	journal	January 2019
Facile and scalable engineering of a heterogeneous microstructure for uniform, stable and fast lithium plating/stripping Wang, Xianshu; Zhuang, Jingchun; Liu, Mingzhu Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06500h	journal	January 2019
Stable lithium metal anodes enabled by inorganic/organic double-layered alloy and polymer coating Zhang, Yuanjun; Wang, Guanyao; Tang, Liang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta09523c	journal	January 2019
Electrospun carbon nanofibers with MnS sulfiphilic sites as efficient polysulfide barriers for high-performance wide-temperature-range Li–S batteries Wang, Xin; Zhao, Xiaosen; Ma, Chenhui Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12137d	journal	January 2020
Upgrading traditional liquid electrolyte via in situ gelation for future lithium metal batteries Liu, Feng-Quan; Wang, Wen-Peng; Yin, Ya-Xia Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5383	journal	October 2018
Differences in Electrochemistry between Fibrous SPAN and Fibrous S/C Cathodes Relevant to Cycle Stability and Capacity Warneke, Sven; Eusterholz, Michael; Zenn, Roland K. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0061801jes	journal	June 2017
Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Cheng, Xin-Bing; Huang, Jia-Qi; Zhang, Qiang Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0111801jes	journal	June 2017
The Stability of Polymers in Liquid Li-S Battery Pei, Haijuan; Guo, Wentao; Guo, Rui Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0291903jes	journal	December 2018
Communication—Influence of Carbonate-Based Electrolyte Composition on Cell Performance of SPAN-Based Lithium-Sulfur-Batteries Warneke, Sven; Hintennach, Andreas; Buchmeiser, Michael R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0361810jes	journal	January 2018
Favorable Carbon Conductive Additives in Li ₃ PS ₄ Composite Positive Electrode Prepared by Ball-Milling for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries Hakari, Takashi; Sato, Yuta; Yoshimi, Shunsuke Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1831712jes	journal	January 2017
A PPy/ZnO functional interlayer to enhance electrochemical performance of lithium/sulfur batteries Yin, Fuxing; Ren, Jun; Zhang, Yongguang Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-018-2724-x	journal	October 2018
TiO ₂ /GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries Liu, Ning; Wang, Lu; Tan, Taizhe Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.168	journal	January 2019

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