Ionic liquids composed of phosphonium cations and organophosphate, carboxylate, and sulfonate as lubricant antiwear additives

Zhou, Yan; Dyck, Jeffrey; Graham, Todd; Luo, Huimin; Leonard, Donovan N.; Qu, Jun

doi:10.1021/la5032366

Ionic liquids composed of phosphonium cations and organophosphate, carboxylate, and sulfonate as lubricant antiwear additives

Journal Article · Mon Oct 20 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Langmuir

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/la5032366· OSTI ID:1185401

Zhou, Yan ^[1]; Dyck, Jeffrey ^[2]; Graham, Todd ^[2]; Luo, Huimin ^[3]; Leonard, Donovan N. ^[3]; Qu, Jun ^[3]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Cytec Industries Inc., Woodland Park, NJ (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Oil-soluble phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have recently been reported as potential ashless lubricant additives. This study is to expand the IL chemistry envelope and to achieve fundamental correlations between the ion structures and ILs’ physiochemical and tribological properties. Here we present eight ILs containing two different phosphonium cations and seven different anions from three groups: organophosphate, carboxylate, and sulfonate. The oil solubility of ILs seems largely governed by the IL molecule size and structure complexity. When used as oil additives, the ranking of effectiveness in wear protection for the anions are: organophosphate > carboxylate > sulfonate. All selected ILs outperformed a commercial ashless anti-wear additive. Surface characterization from the top and the cross-section revealed the nanostructures and compositions of the tribo-films formed by the ILs. Some fundamental insights were achieved: branched and long alkyls improve the IL’s oil solubility, anions of a phosphonium-phosphate IL contribute most phosphorus in the tribofilm, and carboxylate anions, though free of P, S, N, or halogen, can promote the formation of an anti-wear tribofilm.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1185401

Journal Information:: Langmuir, Journal Name: Langmuir Journal Issue: 44 Vol. 30; ISSN 0743-7463

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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