Dilution control in single-wire stainless steel submerged arc cladding
Work by Jackson and others has shown that dilution of single weld beads can be controlled to a limited extent by choice of welding parameters in single wire submerged arc overlay. Inquiries from fabricators about limiting dilution in single-wire submerged arc cladding continue to be received. Accordingly, a procedure development program was undertaken to provide technical support to fabricators. A table, with a lead screw for accurately and reproducibly indexing the stepover from bead to bead, was constructed. Overlays, at least eight beads wide, were deposited on 1-in. thick mild steel using ER309L wire, in sizes 1/8, 3/32, and 5/64- in. More than 50 different cladding conditions have been examined. A number of overlays were made with 1/8 in. wire at 80 ipm wire feed speed (about 16.5 lb/h deposition rate), DCEP, with a chromium-compensating flux. Voltage, tilt of the electrode back towards the previous bead, and stepover were principle variables. In single-wire submerged arc cladding with ER309L, stepover is a very important variable in determining dilution and ferrite. However, if too little stepover is used, lack of fusion of the overlay with the base metal results. Use of DCEN can be helpful in limiting dilution and obtaining ferrite, but many fluxes do not perform well on DCEN. A chromium-adding flux designed for DCEN can be of assistance in limiting dilution and obtaining ferrite over a broader range of stepovers. Quantitative dilution data are presented for a variety of single-layer overlay conditions.
- OSTI ID:
- 115471
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9404233--
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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