What is the fate of runaway positrons in tokamaks?

Liu, Jian; Qin, Hong; Fisch, Nathaniel J.; Teng, Qian; Wang, Xiaogang

doi:10.1063/1.4882435

Title: What is the fate of runaway positrons in tokamaks?

Journal Article · Thu Jun 19 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4882435· OSTI ID:1136903

Liu, Jian ^[1]; Qin, Hong ^[2]; Fisch, Nathaniel J. ^[3]; Teng, Qian ^[3]; Wang, Xiaogang ^[4]

Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China)
Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China); Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
Peking Univ., Beijing (China)

In this study, massive runaway positrons are generated by runaway electrons in tokamaks. The fate of these positrons encodes valuable information about the runaway dynamics. The phase space dynamics of a runaway position is investigated using a Lagrangian that incorporates the tokamak geometry, loop voltage, radiation and collisional effects. It is found numerically that runaway positrons will drift out of the plasma to annihilate on the first wall, with an in-plasma annihilation possibility less than 0.1%. The dynamics of runaway positrons provides signatures that can be observed as diagnostic tools.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 1136903

Report Number(s):: PPPL-5021; PHPAEN

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 6; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 12 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (38)

Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Siegel, R. W. Annual Review of Materials Science, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.10.080180.002141	journal	August 1980
Testing of a nuclear-reactor-based positron beam van Veen, A.; Labohm, F.; Schut, H. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 116 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(96)00971-3	journal	May 1997
Positron Creation and Annihilation in Tokamak Plasmas with Runaway Electrons Helander, P.; Ward, D. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.135004	journal	April 2003
Runaway Positrons in Fusion Plasmas Fülöp, T.; Papp, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.225003	journal	May 2012
Electron and Ion Runaway in a Fully Ionized Gas. I Dreicer, H. Physical Review, Vol. 115, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.115.238	journal	July 1959
Runaway Electrons in a Plasma Kulsrud, Russell M.; Sun, Yung-Chiun; Winsor, Niels K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.31.690	journal	September 1973
Relativistic limitations on runaway electrons Connor, J. W.; Hastie, R. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/15/3/007	journal	June 1975
Runaway acceleration during magnetic reconnection in tokamaks Helander, P.; Eriksson, L-G; Andersson, F. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 12B https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/12B/318	journal	November 2002
Runaway electrons in toroidal discharges Knoepfel, H.; Spong, D. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/19/6/008	journal	June 1979
Theory for avalanche of runaway electrons in tokamaks Rosenbluth, M. N.; Putvinski, S. V. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 37, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/37/10/I03	journal	October 1997
Momentum-space study of the effect of bremsstrahlung radiation on the energy of runaway electrons in tokamaks Bakhtiari, M.; Kramer, G. J.; Whyte, D. G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2065368	journal	October 2005
Phase-space dynamics of runaway electrons in tokamaks Guan, Xiaoyin; Qin, Hong; Fisch, Nathaniel J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3476268	journal	September 2010
Direct observations of runaway electrons during disruptions in the JET tokamak Gill, R. D.; Alper, B.; Edwards, A. W. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/40/2/302	journal	February 2000
Generation and loss of runaway electrons following disruptions in JET Gill, R. D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 33, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/33/11/I03	journal	November 1993
A synchrotron radiation diagnostic to observe relativistic runaway electrons in a tokamak plasma Jaspers, R.; Lopes Cardozo, N. J.; Donné, A. J. H. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 72, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1318245	journal	January 2001
Experimental investigation of runaway electron generation in TEXTOR Jaspers, R.; Finken, K. H.; Mank, G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 33, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/33/12/I02	journal	December 1993
The JET neutron emission profile monitor Adams, J. M.; Jarvis, O. N.; Sadler, G. J. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 329, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)90947-G	journal	May 1993
Simulation of tokamak runaway-electron events Bolt, H.; Miyahara, A.; Miyake, M. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 151, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(87)90054-7	journal	December 1987
Runaway electron damage to the Tore Supra Phase III outboard pump limiter Nygren, R.; Lutz, T.; Walsh, D. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 241-243 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(97)80092-X	journal	February 1997
Impact of runaway electrons Bartels, H. -W. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 23, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-3796(94)90016-7	journal	January 1994
On the generation of runaway electrons and their impact to plasma facing components Kawamura, Takaichi; Obayashi, Haruo; Miyahara, Akira Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(89)80007-9	journal	January 1989
Runaway electrons in magnetic turbulence and runaway current termination in tokamak discharges Yoshino, R.; Tokuda, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 40, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/40/7/302	journal	July 2000
Suppression of runaway electron avalanches by radial diffusion Helander, P.; Eriksson, L. -G.; Andersson, F. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1289892	journal	January 2000
Fast particle resonances in tokamaks Rax, J. M.; Fisch, N. J.; Laurent, L. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 35, Issue SB https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/35/SB/010	journal	December 1993
Relativistic ponderomotive Hamiltonian Grebogi, Celso; Littlejohn, Robert G. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.864855	journal	January 1984
Momentum–space structure of relativistic runaway electrons Martı́n-Solı́s, J. R.; Alvarez, J. D.; Sánchez, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.872911	journal	June 1998
Energy limits on runaway electrons in tokamak plasmas Martín-Solís, J. R.; Esposito, B.; Sánchez, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873276	journal	January 1999
Damping of relativistic electron beams by synchrotron radiation Andersson, F.; Helander, P.; Eriksson, L. -G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1418242	journal	December 2001
Variational Symplectic Integrator for Long-Time Simulations of the Guiding-Center Motion of Charged Particles in General Magnetic Fields Qin, Hong; Guan, Xiaoyin Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.035006	journal	January 2008
Variational symplectic algorithm for guiding center dynamics and its application in tokamak geometry Qin, Hong; Guan, Xiaoyin; Tang, William M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3099055	journal	April 2009
An overview of the EAST project Wu, Songtao Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 82, Issue 5-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.03.012	journal	October 2007
Current in wave-driven plasmas Karney, Charles F. F.; Fisch, Nathaniel J. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.865975	journal	January 1986
Theory of current drive in plasmas Fisch, Nathaniel J. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.175	journal	January 1987
Suppression of Runaway Electrons by Resonant Magnetic Perturbations in TEXTOR Disruptions Lehnen, M.; Bozhenkov, S. A.; Abdullaev, S. S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.255003	journal	June 2008
Runaway electron losses caused by resonant magnetic perturbations in ITER Papp, G.; Drevlak, M.; Fülöp, T. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/53/9/095004	journal	July 2011
Runaway losses in ergodized plasmas Finken, K. H.; Abdullaev, S. S.; Jakubowski, M. W. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/47/2/004	journal	January 2007
Use of positrons to study transport in tokamak plasmas (invited) Surko, C. M.; Leventhal, M.; Crane, W. S. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1139154	journal	August 1986
On MINDEP of the University of British Columbia [British Columbia大学のMINDEPについて] Mizutani, Shinjirô Geological data processing, Vol. 1976, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.6010/geoinformatics1975.1976.2_66	journal	January 1976

Cited By (1)

Explicit symplectic algorithms based on generating functions for charged particle dynamics Zhang, Ruili; Qin, Hong; Tang, Yifa Physical Review E, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.94.013205	journal	July 2016

Similar Records

What is the fate of runaway positrons in tokamaks?

Journal Article · Sun Jun 15 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:1136903

Liu, Jian; Qin, Hong; Fisch, Nathaniel J.; +2 more

Runaway electrons in tokamaks

Thesis/Dissertation · Sat Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · OSTI ID:1136903

Liu, Chang

Phase-space Dynamics of Runaway Electrons In Tokamaks

Technical Report · Tue Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · OSTI ID:1136903

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
POSITRONS
ELECTRIC FIELDS
MAGNETIC FIELDS
positrons
Tokamaks
electric fields
plasma dynamics
magnetic fields

Title: What is the fate of runaway positrons in tokamaks?

Citation Formats

References (38)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects