National Assessment of Energy Storage for Grid Balancing and Arbitrage: Phase 1, WECC

Technical Report · Fri Jun 01 04:00:00 EDT 2012

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/1131386· OSTI ID:1131386

Kintner-Meyer, Michael C.W. ^[1]; Balducci, Patrick J. ^[1]; Colella, Whitney G. ^[1]; Elizondo, Marcelo A. ^[1]; Jin, Chunlian ^[1]; Nguyen, Tony B. ^[1]; Viswanathan, Vilayanur V. ^[1]; Zhang, Yu ^[1]

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1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

To examine the role that energy storage could play in mitigating the impacts of the stochastic variability of wind generation on regional grid operation, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) examined a hypothetical 2020 grid scenario in which additional wind generation capacity is built to meet renewable portfolio standard targets in the Western Interconnection. PNNL developed a stochastic model for estimating the balancing requirements using historical wind statistics and forecasting error, a detailed engineering model to analyze the dispatch of energy storage and fast-ramping generation devices for estimating size requirements of energy storage and generation systems for meeting new balancing requirements, and financial models for estimating the life-cycle cost of storage and generation systems in addressing the future balancing requirements for sub-regions in the Western Interconnection. Evaluated technologies include combustion turbines, sodium sulfur (Na-S) batteries, lithium ion batteries, pumped-hydro energy storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheels, redox flow batteries, and demand response. Distinct power and energy capacity requirements were estimated for each technology option, and battery size was optimized to minimize costs. Modeling results indicate that in a future power grid with high-penetration of renewables, the most cost competitive technologies for meeting balancing requirements include Na-S batteries and flywheels.

• Research Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (US)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-76RL01830
• OSTI ID: 1131386
• Report Number(s): PNNL--21388; TE1400000
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

WECC
energy storage
renewable portfolio standards
renewables