Evaluation of propylene-, meta-, and para-linked triazine and tert-butyltriphenylamine as bipolar hosts for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

Wang, Qiang; Wallace, Jason U.; Lee, Thomas Y.-H.; Ou, Jane J.; Tsai, Yu-Tang; Huang, Yi-Hsiang; Wu, Chung-Chih; Rothberg, Lewis J.; Chen, Shaw H.

doi:10.1039/c3tc00588g

Evaluation of propylene-, meta-, and para-linked triazine and tert-butyltriphenylamine as bipolar hosts for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

Journal Article · Tue Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 2013 · Journal of Materials Chemistry C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tc00588g· OSTI ID:1095291

Wang, Qiang ^[1]; Wallace, Jason U.; Lee, Thomas Y.-H.; Ou, Jane J.; Tsai, Yu-Tang; Huang, Yi-Hsiang; Wu, Chung-Chih; Rothberg, Lewis J.; Chen, Shaw H.

Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

Three representative bipolar hybrids - tBu-TPA-p-TRZ, tBu-TPA-m-TRZ, and tBu-TPA-L -TRZ with triplet energies, ET = 2.5, 2.7 and 3.0 eV, respectively - were synthesized and characterized for a comprehensive evaluation of their potential as a host for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) using red-emitting Ir(piq)3 as the dopant with an ET value of 2.1 eV. Formation of charge transfer complexes, CTCs, was diagnosed by fluorescence bathochromism in increasingly polar solvents. Both intra- and inter-molecular charge transfer processes are invoked to explain CTC formation in all three hybrids. The p-hybrid is by far the most susceptible to CTC formation both in solution and neat solid film, resulting in PhOLEDs with reduced external quantum efficiency, EQE, despite the best balance between charge fluxes across the emitting layer, EML, as revealed by the electron- and hole-only devices in addition to PhOLEDs containing a sensing layer. The highest EQE is achieved with the m-hybrid thanks to the compromise between balanced charge fluxes and CTC formation. The L-hybrid is the least prone to CTC formation while suffering charge flux imbalance to yield an EQE intermediate between those of the m- and p-hybrids. The least CTC formation involving the L-hybrid is advantageous in accommodating the most singlets and triplets readily transferrable to both red and blue phosphors on account of its relatively high ET value. Furthermore, the L-hybrid offers the best morphological stability of the desired glassy EML, thus holding promise for the fabrication of superior PhOLEDs overall.

Research Organization:: Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: FC52-08NA28302

OSTI ID:: 1095291

Report Number(s):: DOE/NA/28302-1112; 2013-50; 2084

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Journal Name: Journal of Materials Chemistry C Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 1; ISSN 2050-7526

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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