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Toxicity, Bioaccumulation and Depuration of Bromoform in Five Marine Species

Technical Report ·
DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/1076459· OSTI ID:1076459
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
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Bromoform has been identified as the single most abundant halogenated organic compound produced by the chlorination of marine waters. To determine the potential biological effects of its release into marine waters, short-term toxicity bioassays and 28-day uptake/28-day depuration studies were conducted with five marine species: Protothaca staminea, Mercenaria mercenaria, Crassostrea virginica, Penaeus aztecus, and Brevoortia tyrannus. The bioassay studies indicate that 96-hr LC50s ranged from approximately 7 ppm for B. tyrannus to greater than 40 ppm for P. staminea. Behavioral changes were noted in P. aztecus and B. tyrannus exposed to sublethal concentrations of bromoform. In all species tested, the uptake and depuration of bromoform was rapid. Bromoform was present in all exposed animal tissues within 24 hours and was depurated within 48 hours. In the mollusk species, there was bioaccumulation above water concentrations in the first week of exposure, and then the tissue concentrations fell to levels approximately equal to the water concentrations. The shrimp and menhaden also bioaccumulated bromoform above water concentrations in the first week of exposure, but then the tissue concentrations fell to approximately 0.4 {micro}g/g and remained at this level independent of water concentrations.
Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USNRC
DOE Contract Number:
AC06-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1076459
Report Number(s):
PNL--3157; NUREG/CR--1297
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.