Effect of Vanadium Incorporation on Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO(4) for Lithium-Ion Batteries
A series of LiFe{sub 1-x}V{sub x}PO{sub 4}/C samples have been successfully prepared using a two-step solid-state reaction route. The effect of vanadium incorporation on the performance of LiFePO{sub 4} has systematically been investigated with X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, charge/discharge measurements, and cyclic voltammetry tests. It is found that V incorporation significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of LiFePO{sub 4}. Particularly, the LiFePO{sub 4}/C sample with 5 at. % vanadium doping exhibits the best performance with a specific discharge capacity of 129 mAh g{sup -1} at 5.0 C after 50 cycles; the capacity retention ratio is higher than 97.5% at all C rates from 0.1 to 5.0 C. X-ray absorption spectroscopy results show that the valence of V in LiFe{sub 0.95}V{sub 0.05}PO{sub 4}/C is between +3 and +4. It is confirmed that the samples with x {le} 0.03 are in single phase, whereas the samples with 0.05 {le} x < 1.00 contain two impurity phases: Li{sub 3}V{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} and LiVOPO{sub 4}. A clear feature of vanadium incorporation in LiFePO{sub 4} has been specified.
- Research Organization:
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE SC OFFICE OF SCIENCE (SC)
- DOE Contract Number:
- DE-AC02-98CH10886
- OSTI ID:
- 1042220
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-97898-2012-JA; TRN: US201212%%631
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 27; ISSN 1932-7447
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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