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Review: Technical and Policy Challenges in Deep Vadose Zone Remediation of Metals and Radionuclides

Journal Article · · Environmental Science and Technology
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/es101211t· OSTI ID:1033058
Remediation of contamination in the deep vadose zone is complicated by heterogeneous contaminant distribution and the difficulty of accessing the contaminant zone and delivering amendments. It is difficult to predict future contaminant movement with sufficient certainty for regulatory decisions, when contamination is left in place. This paper reviews major processes viable for deep vadose zone remediation. Chemical delivery technologies and hybrids combining several remediation mechanisms are considered valuable areas for research and development.
Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (US)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
DOE Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1033058
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-71305; EY4049110
Journal Information:
Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 45; ISSN ESTHAG; ISSN 0013-936X
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English