Structure, Mechanism, and Substrate Profile for Sco3058: The Closest Bacterial Homologue to Human Renal Dipeptidase

Journal Article · Fri Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 2010 · Biochemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/bi901935y· OSTI ID:1019871

Cummings, J; Nguyen, T; Fedorov, A; Kolb, P; Xu, C; Fedorov, E; Shoichet, B; Barondeau, D; Almo, S; Raushel, F

Human renal dipeptidase, an enzyme associated with glutathione metabolism and the hydrolysis of {beta}-lactams, is similar in sequence to a cluster of 400 microbial proteins currently annotated as nonspecific dipeptidases within the amidohydrolase superfamily. The closest homologue to the human renal dipeptidase from a fully sequenced microbe is Sco3058 from Streptomyces coelicolor. Dipeptide substrates of Sco3058 were identified by screening a comprehensive series of L-Xaa-L-Xaa, L-Xaa-D-Xaa, and D-Xaa-L-Xaa dipeptide libraries. The substrate specificity profile shows that Sco3058 hydrolyzes a broad range of dipeptides with a marked preference for an l-amino acid at the N-terminus and a d-amino acid at the C-terminus. The best substrate identified was L-Arg-D-Asp (k{sub cat}/K{sub m} = 7.6 x 10{sup 5} M{sup -1} s{sup -1}). The three-dimensional structure of Sco3058 was determined in the absence and presence of the inhibitors citrate and a phosphinate mimic of L-Ala-D-Asp. The enzyme folds as a ({beta}/{alpha}){sub 8} barrel, and two zinc ions are bound in the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to probe the importance of specific residues that have direct interactions with the substrate analogues in the active site (Asp-22, His-150, Arg-223, and Asp-320). The solvent viscosity and kinetic effects of D{sub 2}O indicate that substrate binding is relatively sticky and that proton transfers do not occurr during the rate-limiting step. A bell-shaped pH-rate profile for k{sub cat} and k{sub cat}/K{sub m} indicated that one group needs to be deprotonated and a second group must be protonated for optimal turnover. Computational docking of high-energy intermediate forms of L/D-Ala-L/D-Ala to the three-dimensional structure of Sco3058 identified the structural determinants for the stereochemical preferences for substrate binding and turnover.

• Research Organization: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) National Synchrotron Light Source
• Sponsoring Organization: DOE - OFFICE OF SCIENCE
• DOE Contract Number: AC02-98CH10886
• OSTI ID: 1019871
• Report Number(s): BNL--95717-2011-JA
• Journal Information: Biochemistry, Journal Name: Biochemistry Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 49; ISSN 0006-2960
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
CITRATES
ENZYMES
GLUTATHIONE
HYDROLYSIS
KINETICS
METABOLISM
MUTAGENESIS
PEPTIDE HYDROLASES
PROTEINS
PROTONS
RESIDUES
SOLVENTS
SPECIFICITY
STREPTOMYCES
SUBSTRATES
VISCOSITY
ZINC IONS
national synchrotron light source